Hohenbodman lime tree

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Linden tree in Hohenbodman
Hohenbodman lime tree
place Hohenbodman , Lake Constance district
country Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany
Tree species Summer linden tree
Height above sea level 670  m
Geographical location 47 ° 49 '23.4 "  N , 9 ° 12' 29.1"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 49 '23.4 "  N , 9 ° 12' 29.1"  E
Hohenbodmaner Linde (Baden-Württemberg)
Red pog.svg
Status natural monument since July 25, 1939
Age 400 to 1000 years
Trunk circumference
(chest height) 		9.87 meters (2013)
Tree height 11 meters (2013)
Crown diameter 13 meters (2013)

The Hohenbodman lime tree , also known as the thousand-year-old linden tree , is located in the center of Hohenbodman , a district of Owingen in the Lake Constance district in Baden-Württemberg .

description

According to various estimates, the summer linden (Tilia platyphyllos) is 400 to 1000 years old and has been on the list of natural monuments by the district of Überlingen since July 25, 1939 . The tree is about eleven meters high and has a trunk circumference of ten meters, making it one of the largest trees in Germany. The "German Tree Archive" counts the linden tree among the "Nationally Significant Trees (NBB)", the most important selection criterion for this is the trunk circumference at a height of one meter. The German Dendrological Society (DDG) lists the linden tree as the "Champion Tree"; The DDG selects the thickest tree of the species in the federal state. Reports on the condition of the linden tree, which is owned by the municipality, were drawn up in 1982, 2001, 2004 and 2010. Maintenance measures took place in 1983, 1994 and 2010.

location

The place Hohenbodman with about 230 inhabitants is located northeast of the shores of Lake Constance near Überlingen and about 280 meters above sea level. The linden tree stands at about 670  m above sea level. NN at a small junction of Lindenstrasse next to the fire station in the middle of a slightly raised, roughly triangular and grassy street island. This is surrounded by a 40 centimeter high base made of natural stone, the adjacent street surfaces are paved on two sides, on the other two perforated concrete blocks replace an earlier tar surface.

history

Early history

According to oral tradition, the linden tree was planted by the Lords of Bodman , Reichsministeriale der Hohenstaufen and the Bishop of Constance . The Lords of Bodman lived in the area until 1282 and are associated with the linden tree because their coat of arms contained three linden leaves. In 1859, the annual journal of the Association for Patriotic Natural History in Württemberg reported : “The little village Hohenbodmann, located a little higher than the control room, rests on the Diluvium and on this near the village there is an old hollow linden tree 10 ′ in diameter.” In his book Remarkable Trees In the Grand Duchy of Baden , the German botanist and biologist Ludwig Klein wrote in 1908:

Linde around 1904 by Ludwig Klein

“The strongest linden tree in Baden and at the same time Baden's strongest tree is the large summer linden tree at the entrance to the village of Hohenbodman, 2½ hours inland from Überlingen (Eichrodt) (Fig. P. 181). The ancient tree, which from a distance looks extremely stately and completely healthy, has a height of approx. 26 m and a trunk circumference of 9.40 m! At a height of around 3 m above the ground, the trunk forks into three very strong branches. The trunk is hollow, and thorough, with a large gap on the north side; the solid shell of the trunk (wood and bark) is on average no thicker than 25 cm. The necessary stability with which the free-standing, hollow tree has defied so many and certainly repeated extraordinary storms with the greatest success, the trunk owes to the fact that mighty aerial roots grow into the spacious trunk cavity, not at all with old, hollow linden trees rare appearance. At the overburdened edges of former trunk cracks and other 'sweeping' injuries to the hollow trunk, as can be seen here several times, adventitious roots form , which gradually grow into the ground through the hollow space filled with sludge, become stronger and stronger over time and finally partially grown together as well as with the trunk itself. The strongest of these aerial roots is over 1 m in diameter, the second around 40 cm! "

- Ludwig Klein : Remarkable trees in the Grand Duchy of Baden. 1908.

The botanist Friedrich Oltmanns wrote in 1922 in Das Pflanzenleben des Schwarzwaldes : “The 26 m high tree has a trunk circumference of 9.4 m, which is unheard of for our standards.” H. von Bronsart wrote in 1924 in Die heimische Pflanzenwelt : “This is what Hohenbodman says on Lake Constance a linden tree with a trunk circumference of 9.5 meters, the strongest tree in all of Baden. ”In 1938, the lower branches were connected with strong iron bands, so-called knuckles, so that the large crown would not break apart. The linden tree was declared a natural monument on July 25, 1939 under the Reich Nature Conservation Act (RNG) with the ordinance on the protection of natural monuments in the Überlingen district . In the literature, 1936 is also mentioned as the year of protection.

Construction work at the linden tree and renovations

Parts of the crown protection with hanging construction

When digging a one and a half meter deep trench for a drinking water pipe about two meters next to the base of the linden tree, its roots were damaged in 1964. With the incorporation of Hohenbodman in the course of the regional reform in Baden-Württemberg on January 1, 1972 to Owingen, the Lower Nature Conservation Authority of the Lake Constance district became responsible for the linden tree. In 1975 another two-meter-deep trench was dug about ten meters from the trunk for sewage disposal. Again the roots were damaged and the vitality of the linden tree declined significantly within a few years. In the autumn of 1982, the tree care company Michael Maurer prepared a tree report, which mainly made these construction measures in 1964 and 1975 in the vicinity of the tree responsible for the strong loss of vitality of the linden tree. According to the tree expert, the loss of roots was "very significant and extensive". In view of the extent of the branches, the appraiser estimated that 35 to 40 percent of the total root mass had been destroyed or damaged during the two construction works. The stability of the linden tree had not suffered as a result, but a considerable part of its roots had been destroyed. Because of its uniqueness, the report assessed Linde as “absolutely worth preserving” and, despite its poor condition, as “capable of being preserved”. In 1983 renovation work was carried out on the linden tree for 20,000 Deutsche Mark. The once 30 meter high crown was shortened by 30 percent to give the tree a chance of survival. After the renovation, it was certified to have a life expectancy of 30 to 50 years.

Linden tree from the north

In 1994 the linden tree was treated again with tree surgery. In 2001 and 2004 there were further reports to check the stability and to initiate necessary measures. These investigations also showed that the infestation with the burn crust fungus had expanded considerably. In 2005, as part of the administrative reform, Linde was transferred from the district office to the responsibility of the city of Überlingen. At a meeting in June 2010 on the future of the linden tree, the mayor Jörg Nesensohn and the Überlinger forest ranger and tree expert Rolf Geiger agreed that the linden tree should be felled in the autumn because of the community's duty to maintain safety. Mayor Henrik Wengert also considered it too risky to leave the tree with its weighty crown on a dilapidated trunk. The trunk is completely rotten, the crown is only held by the remaining bark. However, if the linden tree were to be cordoned off over a large area, it could possibly remain standing. The administrative community should have created the legal prerequisites for felling. Since hikers and walkers rested right next to the tree and children played there, they had been temporarily cordoned off with a construction fence some time beforehand so that no one would be hit by falling branches. In a survey, the vast majority of the 50+ citizens present were in favor of removing the tree; only three voted in favor of preserving the linden tree.

Expert opinion in 2010 and redevelopment

Tribe from the south, with a notice board in front of it

On July 27, 2010, forester Geiger from the Überlingen district reported on the condition of the linden tree at a public council meeting. He suggested that another report should be made about how long the tree could still stand. With the local linden tree surrounded by three streets, it should take into account the necessary traffic safety and aesthetics and also state the costs of maintaining it. With the financial support of the Lower Nature Conservation Authority of the district, the municipality then commissioned another expert report from the tree expert Marco Wäldchen. After the previous inspection, he prepared a 13-page report by November 14, 2010. During the investigation, the location with the tree surroundings, the stand space, the root approaches, the trunk, the strong branches and all parts of the crown down to the fine branching were visually checked. The focus was on vitality and the biomechanical aspects relevant to road safety. The wood vitality was classified with Vs 1–2 using the key of the forest scientist Andreas Roloff , which ranges from Vs 0 (tree without damage characteristics) to Vs 3 (tree dying), which means that the linden tree is in the transition area from the degeneration phase (Vs 1 = tree weakened) to the stagnation phase (Vs2 = tree with significant loss of vitality).

Linden tree from the south

The report shows that the linden tree could still be saved, but no longer safe for traffic. This should be stopped as soon as possible. The crown should be severely cut back to provide mechanical relief when there is wind load. A pruning of new shoots should then be repeated every seven to ten years. The dead trunk segment should also be shortened by 50 percent; the old threaded rods which connected the individual trunk segments and which no longer gave any support should be removed. After pruning, all loops built into the crown to stabilize the branches would have to be checked to see whether they should be readjusted. The city of Überlingen informed the municipality on the basis of the report that no special permit could be granted for the felling of the registered natural monument. The linden tree should be checked every nine months. The maintenance measures were carried out, the green waste was taken over by the municipal building yard. After the renovation, the fence around the linden tree was removed.

description

Open trunk

The linden tree is in the place, but quite free there, so that it was able to develop a very large trunk thickness, extremely strong branches and a huge crown. The trunk is completely hollow and has a large opening to the southwest, on this side the wood is almost completely missing. At a height of about five meters, the trunk suddenly changes into today's small crown. The linden tree has lost more and more of its crown volume and height during various maintenance measures over the past 30 years. The remaining branches are suspended from a structure made of steel tubes and cross braces. Currently (2014) the linden tree is 11 meters high and only a few branches form the spherical crown.

At the beginning of the 20th century the linden tree was at the height of its vigor. The trunk with a circumference of more than ten meters was hollow on the inside, but only had a gap on the north side, which is now closed again. It was 3.8 meters high and branched into two upward striving sub-trunks, which formed a crown up to about 30 meters high and almost completely preserved.

Before the first care measures after the Second World War , the crown was so large that three hay wagons could be placed under the linden tree without the hay getting wet. It is reported from the 1960s that the Hohenbodman farmers stored their hay vehicles with the draft animals or tractors there to protect them from the rain.

Trunk circumference

The following table lists the values ​​for the trunk circumference of the linden tree given in the sources consulted. Exact and comparable measurements are difficult because of the oval shape of the trunk, the indentations and imperfections. In the last 150 years the size has been measured several times at varying heights, but it often remains unclear in which.

Information on the scope
year Circumference in m Measuring height in cm source comment
1859 9.17 ? Annual books of the Association for Patriotic Natural History Circumference with the circular formula from the 10 Wuerttemberg foot diameter in the source
1908 9.40 ? Ludwig Klein, Remarkable Trees in the Grand Duchy of Baden
1922 9.4  ? Friedrich Oltmanns, The plant life of the Black Forest
1924 9.50 ? H. von Bronsart, The native flora
1966 10.2  100 Baden homeland
1966 10.1  200 Baden homeland
1978 10    ? Wolf Hockenjos, encounter with trees
1981 10.10 130 Hartwig Goerss, our tree veterans
1988 10.15 100 Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn, Our 500 oldest trees Quelle relies on the German Tree Archives
1995 10.10 130 Hans Joachim Fröhlich , Paths to old trees
2007 10.2  ? Michel Brunner , Significant Linden trees
1998 9.87 waist Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn, Our 500 oldest trees Quelle relies on the German Tree Archives
2005 10.10 130 Anette Lenzing, Rechtslinden and Thingplatz in Germany
2013 9.87 ? German Dendrological Society (DDG), database of Champion trees
  1. ↑ The Württemberger foot measured, in today's unit, 291.8279 mm.
  2. ↑ Wolf Hockenjos is a photographer and book author.
  3. ↑ a b c So-called breast height diameter (BHD).
  4. ↑ Hartwig Goerss is a forester.
  5. ↑ Hans Joachim Fröhlich is a forest scientist.
  6. ↑ Michel Brunner is a photographer, author and founder of pro arbore , an inventory of old and curious trees in Switzerland.
  7. ↑ Narrowest point on the trunk, which is still unbranched.
  8. ↑ Anette Lenzing is a landscape architect and book author.

Age

Trunk with tubular steel supports

The age of the linden tree can only be approximately determined. It is not possible to count the annual rings - for example with the help of a drill core or by measuring the drilling resistance using a Resistograph - because the oldest wood is missing in the center of the trunk. For the same reason, it is not possible to determine the age of the radioactive carbon content ( radiocarbon dating , also known as 14 C dating). In the current literature there is different information, ranging from 400 to 1000 years.

In 1981, forester Hartwig Goerss estimated the age of the linden tree to be 1,000 years. The tree expert Michael Maurer stated in his report in 1982 an age of 800 years and Anette Lenzing in 2005 of 1000 years. The German Tree Archives, whose age information is based on the trunk size and an annual average increase in size of the corresponding species, estimated the age of the linden tree in 2012 at 450 to 600 years. In 1995, Hans Joachim Fröhlich assumed an age of around 800 to 1000 years. The forester Mathias Schuhmacher estimated the age at 400 to 500 in 1991 and Michel Brunner in 2007 at 500 years.

Inscription board

A metal plaque by the linden tree bears the following inscription:

Inscription board

Summer linden (Tillia platyphyllos) Popularly

known as the tree of lovers - tree of fertility.
In ancient times, the linden tree was considered
a sacred tree in both Slavic and Germanic regions.

This linden tree is one of the oldest in Germany.
Their age is estimated to be 800–1000 years.
In its prime, the linden tree was
around 30 meters tall and had a trunk circumference
of over 10 meters. In 1964 and 1975,
around 40% of the
roots were destroyed when the drinking and sewage pipes were laid. The loss of vitality was dramatic.
In 1983 the linden tree was extensively renovated.
Back then, after the renovation, it was
still given a life expectancy of 30–50 years.

See also

literature

  • Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archives . 2nd revised edition. BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-8354-0957-6 .
  • Stefan Kühn, Bernd Ullrich, Uwe Kühn: Germany's old trees . 6th revised edition. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-8354-0740-4 .
  • Marco Wäldchen: Expert opinion on a lime tree designated as a natural monument in Hohenbodman, municipality of Owingen, Lake Constance district . Ulrichstein 2010.
  • The linden tree can still be saved. Südkurier, November 25, 2010, accessed December 9, 2013 .
  • Hanspeter Walter: The days of the linden tree are numbered. Südkurier, June 25, 2010, accessed December 9, 2013 .
  • Michel Brunner : Important linden trees. 400 giant trees in Germany . Haupt-Verlag, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-258-07248-7 .
  • Anette Lenzing: Court linden trees and thing places in Germany . Langewiesche KR, Heiligenhaus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3 .
  • Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Paths to old trees, Volume 12, Baden-Württemberg . WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1995, ISBN 3-926181-26-5 .
  • Norbert Zysk: Owinger Linden: the linden tree, tree of the year 1991; Exhibition City Hall Gallery Owingen, June 1 - 30, 1991 . Ed .: Municipality of Owingen. Owingen 1991.
  • Hartwig Goerss: Our tree veterans . Landbuch, Hannover 1981, ISBN 3-7842-0247-0 .
  • Wolf Hockenjos: encounter with trees . DRW-Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-87181-006-1 .
  • My home country. Volume 46, issue 1/2. Special issue Überlingen - Bodensee . In: Hermann Schwarzweber (Ed.): Badische Heimat . Regional association Badische Heimat, Freiburg 1966.
  • H. von Bronsart: The native flora . Ullstein Verlag, Berlin 1924, p. 304 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Friedrich Oltmanns: The plant life of the Black Forest . CA Wagner Buchdruckerei A.-G., Freiburg 1922.
  • Ludwig Klein: Remarkable trees in the Grand Duchy of Baden . Carl Winter's University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1908, p. 306–307 ( baarverein.de [PDF; 28.4 MB ]).
  • Annual books of the Association for Patriotic Natural History in Württemberg . In: Annual books of the association for patriotic in natural history in Württemberg . Verlag von Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart 1859, p. 218 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Web links

Commons : Linde (Hohenbodman)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hohenbodman. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 26, 2013 ; Retrieved December 19, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.owingen.com
  2. ↑ a b Marco Wäldchen: Expert opinion on a linden tree in Hohenbodman, municipality of Owingen, Lake Constance district, which has been designated as a natural monument . Ulrichstein 2010, p. 7 .
  3. ↑ a b Hartwig Goerss: Our tree veterans . Landbuch, Hannover 1981, ISBN 3-7842-0247-0 , chapter The thousand-year-old lime tree in Hohenbodmann , p. 138 .
  4. ↑ Owingen - The place Hohenbodman was first mentioned in writing in 1325. The ridge was already settled beforehand. Südkurier, June 25, 2010, accessed December 9, 2013 .
  5. ^ A b c d e Norbert Zysk: Owinger Linden: die Linde, tree of the year 1991; Exhibition Rathaus-Galerie Owingen, 1.-30. June 1991 . Ed .: Municipality of Owingen. Owingen 1991, chapter Die Uralte Linde in Hohenbodman , p. 12 .
  6. ↑ a b Annual notebooks of the Association for Patriotic Natural History in Württemberg . In: Annual books of the association for patriotic in natural history in Württemberg . Verlag von Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart 1859, p.  218 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ↑ a b Ludwig Klein: Remarkable trees in the Grand Duchy of Baden . Carl Winter's University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1908, Chapter IX. Winter and summer linden (Tilia parvifolia, and T. grandifolia). , S. 306–307 ( baarverein.de [PDF; 28.4 MB ]).
  8. ↑ a b Friedrich Oltmanns: The plant life of the Black Forest . CA Wagner Buchdruckerei A.-G., Freiburg 1922, p. 331 .
  9. ↑ a b H. von Bronsart: The domestic flora . Ullstein Verlag, Berlin 1924, p. 304 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  10. ^ Hermann Fautz: My homeland. Volume 46, issue 1/2. Special issue Überlingen - Bodensee . In: Hermann Schwarzweber (Ed.): Badische Heimat . Landesverein Badische Heimat, Freiburg 1966, chapter Alte Linden im Linzgau , p. 162-164 .
  11. ↑ Environmental Protection Office Bodenseekreis 2013
  12. ^ A b Anette Lenzing: Judicial linden trees and Thingplaces in Germany . Karl Robert Langewiesche successor Hans Köster Verlagsbuchhandlung KG, Königstein im Taunus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3 , chapter The millennial linden tree in Owingen-Hohenbodman , p. 33 .
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Norbert Zysk: Owinger Linden: die Linde, tree of the year 1991; Exhibition Rathaus-Galerie Owingen, 1.-30. June 1991 . Ed .: Municipality of Owingen. Owingen 1991, chapter Die Uralte Linde in Hohenbodman , p. 12-13 .
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h Hanspeter Walter: The days of the linden tree are numbered. Südkurier, June 25, 2010, accessed December 9, 2013 .
  15. ↑ a b The linden tree can still be saved. Südkurier, November 25, 2010, accessed December 9, 2013 .
  16. ↑ a b c d e Report from the last municipal council meeting for Official Gazette KW 49. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 2, 2014 ; Retrieved December 15, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.owingen.com
  17. ↑ Marco Wäldchen: Expert opinion on a lime tree designated as a natural monument in Hohenbodman, community Owingen, Lake Constance district . Ulrichstein 2010, p. 1-13 .
  18. ↑ a b Marco Wäldchen: Expert opinion on a linden tree in Hohenbodman, municipality of Owingen, Lake Constance district, which has been designated as a natural monument . Ulrichstein 2010, p. 4-5 .
  19. ↑ a b Marco Wäldchen: Expert opinion on a linden tree in Hohenbodman, municipality of Owingen, Lake Constance district, which has been designated as a natural monument . Ulrichstein 2010, p. 6 .
  20. ↑ Tree vitality. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 28, 2014 ; accessed on February 28, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.waechtershaeuser.de
  21. ↑ a b c d e f Marco Wäldchen: Expert opinion on a lime tree designated as a natural monument in Hohenbodman, community Owingen, Lake Constance district . Ulrichstein 2010, p. 10-11 .
  22. ↑ Marco Wäldchen: Expert opinion on a lime tree designated as a natural monument in Hohenbodman, community Owingen, Lake Constance district . Ulrichstein 2010, p. 10 .
  23. ↑ a b Rainer Lippert: Tilia platyphyllos (ID 2666) Summer linden. (No longer available online.) German Dendrological Society, 2014, formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 5, 2014 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Database with guest access, needs JavaScript.) @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ddg-web.de  
  24. ↑ a b c Hermann Fautz: My home country. Volume 46, issue 1/2. Special issue Überlingen - Bodensee . In: Hermann Schwarzweber (Ed.): Badische Heimat . Landesverein Badische Heimat, Freiburg 1966, chapter Alte Linden im Linzgau , p. 162 .
  25. ↑ It once sparked in the "Engel". Südkurier, November 30, 2011, accessed December 9, 2013 .
  26. ↑ Wolf Hockenjos: encounter with trees . DRW-Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-87181-006-1 , chapter Des country's thickest tree , p. 99 .
  27. ↑ a b Hartwig Goerss: Our tree veterans . Landbuch, Hannover 1981, ISBN 3-7842-0247-0 , chapter Our tree veterans at a glance , p. 141 .
  28. ↑ a b c Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archive . 2012, chapter Thick Linden zu Hohenbodman , p. 251 .
  29. ^ A b Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Paths to old trees, Volume 12, Baden-Württemberg . WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1995, ISBN 3-926181-26-5 , chapter 290 Thousand-year-old linden tree in Hohenbodmann , p. 220 .
  30. ↑ a b Michel Brunner: Significant linden trees. 400 giant trees in Germany . Haupt-Verlag, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-258-07248-7 , chapter Dorflinde Hohenbodmann , p. 32 .
  31. ^ A b Anette Lenzing: Judicial linden trees and Thingplaces in Germany . Langewiesche KR, Heiligenhaus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3 , chapter The millennial linden tree in Owingen-Hohenbodman , p. 32 .
  32. ↑ Michel Brunner: Giant trees of Switzerland . Werd Verlag AG, Zurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-85932-629-3 , chapter Dorflinde Hohenbodmann , p. 150 .
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