Hi An

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Hi An
City seal :
City seal
Hoi An (Vietnam)
Hi An
Hi An
Basic data
Country: VietnamVietnam Vietnam
Region: Central Vietnam ( Trung Bộ )
Region : Southern coastal region ( Nam Trung Bộ )
Province : Quảng Nam
ISO 3166-2: VN : VN-27
Coordinates : 15 ° 53 '  N , 108 ° 20'  E Coordinates: 15 ° 53 '  N , 108 ° 20'  E
City area: 60 km²
Waters : River Sông Thu Bon
population
City residents : 75,000 ()
Further information
Time zone : UTC +7: 00
Silk Road trade routes

Hội An (English: quiet community or peaceful meeting place ) is a coastal city in central Vietnam ( Annam ) with around 75,000 inhabitants. It is located on the South China Sea in the province of Quảng Nam at the mouth of the Sông Thu Bồn, about 30 km south of Đà Nẵng .

Hội An was once the largest port in Southeast Asia , it was on the Silk Road . Among the Cham , the city was called Lâm Ấp Phố (Champa City), later Hài Phố (place by the sea) and among the French, due to a misunderstanding, Faifo . The name Hội An first appeared on a map in 1630.

history

The city was founded in the 4th century by the Cham, with whose retreat it lost its importance. Under the rule of Nguyễn Hoảng (1558–1622) and his son Nguyễn Phúc Nguyễn (1623–1634) the port was opened to the outside world. Numerous merchant families from China and Japan settled here, whose countries had officially sealed themselves off at the end of the 15th century and had their goods transhipped in foreign ports. Its proximity to China made Hội An suitable for Japanese ships that needed a permit called Shuinsen and could reach the port in 40 days during the northeast monsoon. At that time the city was divided into two parts, the Japanese families lived across the Japanese bridge (Chùa Cầu).

When foreign trade was finally banned in Japan in 1635, the importance of the port changed again. At that time, European trading branches were established in Hội An: the English East India Company in 1613 , the Dutch Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie in 1636 and the French Compagnie des Indes Orientales in 1644 . In parallel, Indians, Portuguese, Dutch and French settled down. The business success of the companies was, however, modest, so that they soon withdrew. When the Ming dynasty in Beijing was overthrown by the Manchurian Qing in 1644 , countless Chinese fled to Southeast Asia and practically took over Hội An.

With the increasing siltation of the port, the ever larger merchant ships had to move to the port of Đà N .ng. Therefore, Hội An lost more and more importance in the 18th century. During the Tây-Sơn rebellion, the city was largely destroyed in 1780. It was rebuilt, but in 1888 the French colonial powers declared Đà Nẵng to be the capital of Annam , and the railway was built past Hội An in 1930.

However, the city owes its decline to the preservation of the historical cityscape. In addition, the old town is the only one that remained intact during the Vietnam War . The old town was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999 because it is a well-preserved example of a Southeast Asian trading port dating from the 15th century . 19th and 19th centuries , the buildings of which show a fusion of local and foreign influences, especially in the style of small towns in southern China.

Administrative structure

Hội An consists of nine districts ( phường ):

  • Cẩm An
  • Cẩm Châu
  • Cẩm Nam
  • Cẩm Phô
  • Cửa Đại
  • Minh An
  • Son Phong
  • Tân An
  • Thanh Ha


and four parishes ( xã ):

  • Cẩm Hà
  • Cẩm Kim
  • Cẩm Thanh
  • Tân Hiệp (on the island of Cù lao Chàm ).

Attractions

Old town of Hoi An
UNESCO world heritage UNESCO World Heritage Emblem
Japanese bridge in Hoi An
Chùa Cầu , the Japanese bridge in Hội An
National territory: VietnamVietnam Vietnam
Type: Culture
Criteria : ii, v
Reference No .: 948
UNESCO region : Asia and Pacific
History of enrollment
Enrollment: 1999  (session 23)
  • Chùa Cầu (Japanese Bridge), 17th century
  • Nhà Tấn Ký (Tấn Ký Trading House), 19th century
  • Chinese assembly halls with temples
  • Museum of the City History of Hoi An

tourism

The purchase of a flat-rate ticket for đ 120,000 (as of January 1, 2015) includes admission to five attractions. So can u. a. three Chinese assembly halls, four old houses (e.g. with a traditional pharmacy ) and the Japanese bridge or the Quan Công Miếu (Temple of Quan Công) can be visited. The flat-rate ticket also entitles you to visit one of the three museums as well as a concert with traditional music or an arts and crafts workshop.

H Außerdemi An is also the starting point for the ruined city of Mỹ Sơn, which has also been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and is about 50 km to the west .

  • Hội An, old residential and commercial buildings

  • Gate to the Fujian Assembly Hall

  • Market in Hoi An, 2004

  • Gate to the Trieu Chau assembly hall

  • Houses on the Nguyen Thai Hoc

  • Fisherman at Hoi An

  • Hoi An Beach

  • Hoi An lanterns

  • Hoi An Chinese lanterns

  • Bridge in Hoi An, Vietnam

Town twinning

References

  1. ↑ Martin H. Petrich: Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Mair Dumont Dumont 2004, ISBN 3-7701-4398-1
  2. ↑ UNESCO World Heritage List , accessed February 12, 2014

Web links

Commons : Hoi An  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files