Hommersum
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Hommersum
City of Goch
Coordinates: 51 ° 41 ′ 1 ″ N , 6 ° 2 ′ 0 ″ E
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| Height : | 12 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 6.52 km² |
| Residents : | 509 (Jun 30, 2015) |
| Population density : | 78 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st July 1969 |
| Postal code : | 47574 |
| Area code : | 02827 |
Hommersum is a village on the Lower Rhine in the northwest of North Rhine-Westphalia and belongs to the city of Goch .
Scenic location
The village lies on the banks of the Niers and on the edge of the glacial valley of the Kendel . Another body of water is the “ Venn ”, an about 1 km long oxbow lake , which, coming from Kessel , flows into the Niers at Klockenhof. The water and the surrounding pastures are designated as a nature reserve under the name " Untere Nuthseen " and offer various animal and plant species, such as B. the lapwing or the kingfisher a habitat. Close by is the Klever Reichswald , which covers over 4,000 hectares and is used as a local recreation area. The Meuse Valley with its extensive raised bogs and heathland is also in the immediate vicinity.
history
The village of Hommersum is one of the early Franconian settlements in the Niers and Kendel area. The very good, high soils in the area of the confluence of the Niers and Kendel rivers represented preferred settlement conditions in the earliest times. Numerous finds such as urns, grave goods, stone and bronze axes and other artifacts confirm this. Some prehistoric moths are further evidence of the early founding of the village . a. Located in the immediate vicinity of the parish church and on the Niersbogen near the Haus Ham moated castle, which was demolished around 1790 . The moth on the church was removed in 1850. According to a contemporary description by Dr. Bergrath from Goch, this hill had a diameter of approx. 45 m at the base and a height of approx. 12 m. The moth on the Niers is still in good condition today. On the bank of the Niers opposite the Motte there were still extensive earth fortifications and ramparts from Roman times until the expansion of the Bundeswehr depot in 1970 (excavations by Pastor V. Huyskens around 1870). A Roman military road, the route of which is largely preserved today, crossed the municipality from east to west and crossed the Kendel by means of a ford on Yshövel, immediately before its confluence with the Niers. From there it led along the Niers to Gennep and further following the Maas to the Roman camp at Mook . The generally advantageous location of the village close to the water has repeatedly led to major flood problems in the past centuries up to the present, especially when the flood of the Meuse backs up in Niers and Kendel. Dangerous situations and major consequential damage are then inevitable. The flood years of 1882, 1926, 1993 and 1995 are bad memories.
In the nearby Klever Reichswald and in the vicinity of today's town of Hommersum, the so-called battle in the Reichswald took place in February 1945 . After this battle the Allies were able to build a bridgehead over the Rhine near Wesel and thus take the Ruhr area.
On July 1, 1969, the place was incorporated into Goch.
The parish church of St. Peter
According to a copy in the State Archives in Luxembourg , a certain Adelard donated to the Church of St. Peter in cattle in February of the year 751 property in Kellen and Finnelar (= Viller). The foundation of the also dedicated to St. Petrus parish church in Hommersum goes back with high probability to the time around 720, i.e. the time in which Willibrordus worked in cattle († 739). This church was built as an "own church" on the grounds of the old Franconian court in Humbersheim (later Hommersom-Hommersum), the main courtyard of the Mark. This first church was probably a wooden structure. It is possible that the evaluation of the extensive excavations and archaeological investigations carried out by the Office for Monument Preservation in April 1986 within the church, which has not yet been completed, will bring new insights into the early days of this church.
On September 30th in 1118, Count Gerhard von Geldern und Wassenberg gave the church of "Humbersheim" to the Wassenberg monastery as a donation . Apparently this donation act was later withdrawn, because shortly after 1200 we find the Lords of Reifferscheid and Malberg enfeoffed by the Geldrischen count as feudal bearers with the Hommersumer Hof and the associated patronage rights of the church. On August 3, 1291, Mr. Johann von Malberg-Reiferscheid sold the farm and the ecclesiastical patronage rights to the Graefenthal monastery near Asperden with the approval of the duke . This legal status was preserved until the abolition of the monastery by Napoleon in 1802. The old Romanesque village church from the 12th century was demolished in 1894 and replaced by a new Gothic building . Only the Gothic choir, built around 1460, was preserved. A St. Antonius chapel in Viller, first mentioned in a document in 1469 and built by the lords of the House of Ham in the 13th century, was demolished in July 1812, i.e. in the Napoleonic era. The well-preserved statue of St. Anthony from this chapel is now in the Hommersum Church. Until 1332 the chapel community of Hassum also belonged to the parish of Hommersum. Kessel and in the early days probably also Asperden are other daughter parishes of Hommersum.
The political community
Until 1473, the city of Goch and the Niederamt Goch (about the later Office Asperden) belonged politically to the Duchy of Geldern . In the year mentioned, this area came to the Duchy of Cleves . Since 1609 Hommersum belonged to the Klevischen Amt Asperden. The following population figures are known: 1787 = 185 inhabitants, plus the Viller farmers with the manor house Ham with another 51 inhabitants. Other farmers are Moel, Retüt, Looheide, Sporen and Böntum. Other known population figures: 1821 = 348, 1881 = 374, 1925 = 458, 1999 = 459, 2006 = 560 inhabitants.
In 1794 the French revolutionary troops occupied the village and were not expelled from it until 1814. In 1816, in connection with the political reorganization in Europe, the state border was moved "a cannon shot" east of the Meuse. From now on, the national border runs directly at the town center; the village lost about a quarter of its substance at the time. For centuries, the main occupation of the residents was agriculture and livestock.
Development after the Second World War
In the last phase of the Second World War, Hommersum was under fire from the Allied artillery from the other bank of the Meuse for months; from mid-February 1945 the front crossed the village. The war damage was accordingly and the reconstruction took many years, especially since the occupants were again driven from their homes for almost eight months after the end of the war as a result of the establishment of a restricted zone along the border by the occupying forces. Furthermore, many farmers lost all of their property across the border, the so-called "tract land".
Economy and Infrastructure
Another disadvantage was always the geographically remote location and the progressive decline in agriculture, which had shaped village life for centuries. Today, for example, there is not a single "dairy farmer" left in the village.
From 1970, the establishment and subsequent commissioning of the Bundeswehr depot on the site of the former Ham House in the great Niersbogen brought a job for some local former farmers, but most of the workers from Hommersum are employed abroad and are therefore commuters. The construction of the A 57 with the border customs office, which went into operation in October 1986 , brought about a major change . The favorable traffic connection of the community came u. a. also benefit many commuters. The motorway customs office with its forwarding agents and handling facilities also temporarily created a number of jobs, most of which have now been lost due to the closure of the facility as a result of the Schengen Agreement . - With the construction of the autobahn a land consolidation went hand in hand, which on the one hand thoroughly destroyed the structures that had grown over the centuries; on the other hand, however, the farmers have rounded up arable land and the community has a new network of paths.
The development of new building plots in recent years finally gave some young people the opportunity to create their own house or apartment in the village, which is certainly of great importance for securing the future and the diversity of village life.
village life
Social life is also very important in the village; this is expressed in the celebration of the village fair or the organization of the harvest festival. The harvest festival with the harvest procession is one of the oldest harvest festivals on the Lower Rhine. It has been celebrated since 1946. The festival was first organized by the local pastor Josef Meyer , and since 1974 by the home and beautification association of the village.
Other local clubs and associations are:
The St. Petrigilde from 1647, the St. Antoniusgilde from 1656, the sports club, the volunteer fire brigade, the Humbertus fishing club , the Hommersum shooting club, the Cäcilien church choir , the Catholic women's community (KFD) as well as the rural women and the KLJB Hommersum.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nature reserve "KLE-015 Untere Nuthseen" in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia
- ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 79 .
- ↑ Hommersum invites you to the harvest festival Rheinische Post on October 2, 2015
