Hugo Eberlein

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Max Albert Hugo Eberlein (born May 4, 1887 in Saalfeld / Saale , † October 16, 1941 in Moscow ) was a German communist politician. He was executed in 1941 as part of the Great Terror in the Soviet Union .

Life

The trained technical draftsman Eberlein joined the union in 1905 and the SPD in 1906 , where he belonged to the left wing and, as an opponent of the party's truce policy during the First World War, co-founded the USPD and the Spartakusbund . At the end of 1918 he was a founding member of the KPD and was elected to its headquarters, to which he belonged until 1929. He represented the party executive of the KPD in the place of the murdered Rosa Luxemburg at the founding congress of the Communist International (Comintern) in early March 1919, where he abstained from the founding - as recommended earlier by Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches - because the time was was assessed a little prematurely. Nevertheless, after the Comintern had been brought into being, he (successfully) pleaded for the entry of the KPD after his return to Germany and acted as a confidant of the Comintern leadership in Germany for the next few years. He was u. a. Responsible for receiving financial support to the KPD.

In May 1919 he was verifiably managing director of the newspaper Rote Fahne , the central organ of the KPD. In the KPD of the 1920s, Eberlein, who was also a member of the Prussian state parliament from 1921 to 1933 , initially supported the party leadership around Heinrich Brandler and August Thalheimer and then belonged to the so-called middle group , from 1927 to the Compromisers , which was therefore 1929 after the Wittorf affair and the final implementation of the direction around Ernst Thalmann was not re-elected to the party leadership , and from then on, like Arthur Ewert and Kurt Sauerland, under the direction of Béla Kun, he was employed in the apparatus of the Comintern.

After the seizure of power of the Nazis in 1933 briefly imprisoned, Eberlein was to France in exile go where he is for the establishment of a Popular Front began between communists, social democrats and bourgeois forces. After he was arrested and temporarily imprisoned in Strasbourg in 1935 , he left for the Soviet Union in 1936 after a stopover in Switzerland . Despite the intercession of his friend Wilhelm Pieck, Eberlein fell into the Great Terror and was arrested in July 1937. On May 5, 1939, in a closed session of the Military College of the USSR Supreme Court, he was sentenced to 15 years in a camp . The prosecution had accused him of being involved in a “terrorist organization” within the Comintern apparatus within the framework of the “ Anti-Comintern Block”. On June 1, 1939, he was transported to Vorkuta . (According to other sources, he was imprisoned in the UnschLag camp near Sukhobesvodnoye in 1939/1941.) In 1941 he was transferred to a camp 100 km north of Syktyvkar in the Komi ASSR . From here he was transported back to Moscow and charged again. On July 30, 1941, he was sentenced to death by shooting; this was carried out on October 16, 1941.

Gravestone of Hugo and Werner Eberlein (2007)

His brother was also shot. In January 1988 the SED central organ Neues Deutschland published a message based on Soviet publications.

Hugo Eberlein was married twice. On April 3, 1913, he married Luise Auguste Anna Harms (* July 15, 1889, † January 11, 1964) in Berlin-Charlottenburg . From this marriage came his son Werner Eberlein , who made a career as an SED functionary. In his second marriage he was married to Inna Armand, a daughter of the Russian Bolshevik Inessa Armand from France ; from this marriage their daughter Ines was born.

Hugo Eberlein is also commemorated on the tombstone of his son Werner in the grave complex for the victims and persecuted of the Nazi regime in Berlin's Friedrichsfelde central cemetery .

Honors

The guard regiment "Hugo Eberlein" was named after Eberlein in the German Democratic Republic .

literature

Web links

Commons : Hugo Eberlein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Hermann Weber, Andreas Herbst: German communists . Biographisches Handbuch 1918 to 1945. 2nd, revised and greatly expanded edition. Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6 , pp. 170 ( online [accessed April 3, 2020]).
  2. ↑ see also ddr-biografien.de
  3. ↑ III. Supplement to the Berliner Börsenzeitung No. 226 In: Berliner Börsenzeitung on May 19, 1919
  4. ↑ a b Hugo Eberlein . CV, Portal MEMORIAL Deutschland e. V. , online at: www.gulag.memorial.de / ...
  5. ↑ Zertvy politiceskogo terrora v Sovetskom sojuze . Memorial Society database . Retrieved February 18, 2010.
personal data
SURNAME Eberlein, Hugo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German communist politician, victim of the Great Terror in the Soviet Union
DATE OF BIRTH May 4, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Saalfeld / Saale
DATE OF DEATH October 16, 1941
Place of death Moscow