Hedgehog chickweed

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Hedgehog chickweed
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Paronychioideae
Genre : Chickweed ( Spergularia )
Type : Hedgehog chickweed
Scientific name
Spergularia echinosperma
Čelak.

The Igelsamige spurrey ( Spergularia echinosperma ), also Igelsamiger Spärkling called, is a species of the genus spergularia Spergularia within the family of Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae). It is of course common in Central Europe.

Description and origin of name

The hedgehog-seeded chickweed grows as a hibernating green, annual herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 5 to 10 (4 to 15) centimeters. The taproot is slender. The above-ground parts of the plant are covered with stalked glandular hairs ( indument ). The upright to ascending or sometimes prostrate stems have a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 millimeters at their base and can be unbranched to widely spaced at the base or at the top.

The leaves are sessile. The somewhat fleshy leaf blades are linear with a length of 0.5 to 3.5 centimeters with a blunt to pointed upper end. Axillary clusters of foliage leaves are mostly missing in this species. Only the upper leaves are indistinctly spiky, the lower ones are blunt. The inconspicuous, relatively small, silvery to dull tan-colored and decrepit stipules are 1.4 to 2.4 millimeters in length, shorter than wide and broadly triangular with a pointed upper end.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends from June to October. The three to more than nine, usually four to eight flowers are together in a terminal, zymous inflorescence . The flower stalks are not noticeably thin, usually shorter than 1 centimeter and bare.

The inconspicuous, hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 4 to 6 millimeters and are radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused to a length of 0.2 to 0.3 millimeters. The one- to three-veined calyx teeth are lanceolate to ovate with a length of 2.5 to 3.6 millimeters with a rounded upper end; their dry-skinned margins are 0.1 to 0.5 mm wide. The petals are 0.4 to 0.6 times as long as the sepals. The five white to pink petals are lanceolate. There are usually one to four, rarely five, free stamens . The three thread-like styluses are 0.3 to 0.4 millimeters long.

Fruit and seeds

The fruit stalks are bent back and oriented towards one side of the fruit. The five calyx teeth lengthen to 4 millimeters, turn yellow when the fruit ripe and are curved with the tip towards the capsule fruit, otherwise they protrude from it. The ripe capsule fruit peels off at the bottom. The greenish to tan-colored capsule fruit is 2.8 to 4 millimeters in length, 0.9 to 1.4 times longer than the sepals.

With a length of 0.5 to 0.7 (to 0.8) millimeters, more or less flattened, the pear-shaped seeds have a furrow lying almost on the edge. The shiny, reddish-brown to blackish, silvery overflowing seed coat is somewhat rough and densely covered with papillae ending in glands, which look like spines at thirty times magnification. They are mostly wingless. If there are wings then they are whitish to reddish-brown, 0.1 to 0.2 millimeters wide and the irregular edges are not papillary. The hedgehog-seeded chickweed got its common name and the specific epithet echinosperma from the numerous spines on the edge and the seeds with pointed warts on the surfaces . However, this feature can only be recognized with a strongly magnifying glass on specimens with ripe capsule fruits.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 9; there are diploid and tetraploid populations , i.e. 2n = 18 or 36.

ecology

The hedgehog seed chickweed is a therophyte .

Since the characteristic of the fine-black, spiky seeds on the edge can only be recognized with a strongly magnifying glass on specimens with ripe capsule fruits, this species may be overlooked here and there. Since the 1980s, hedgehog-seed chickweed has also been found in some locations in France. These occurrences could have been caused by the spreading of the seeds by water birds.

There is insect pollination or self-pollination . In the case of the diaspores , the wind spreads and the Velcro spreads.

Occurrence

The hedgehog-seeded chickweed occurs naturally only in Central Europe. There are sites in Germany , Austria , Liechtenstein , Slovakia , France , Spain and Morocco . In North America it is a neophyte .

The hedgehog-seeded chickweed only inhabits muddy banks on the Elbe in Central Europe ; it is seldom found on its lower reaches, on its middle and upper reaches it occurs only very rarely; the same applies to the river basin of the Vltava and the Vistula . The hedgehog-seeded chickweed needs moist, nutrient-rich, muddy soil in a rather humid climate. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Rorippo-Corrigioletum from the association Chenopodion rubri, but also occurs in societies of the associations Polygonion avicularis or Nanocyperion.

Taxonomy

The first description of Spergularia echinosperma was made in 1881 by Ladislav Josef Čelakovský in Archives for the Natural Scientific Research in Bohemia , Volume 4, p. 867. A homonym of Spergularia echinosperma Čelak. is Spergularia echinosperma Asch. & Graebn. , published in Ascherson and Graebner : Reports of the German Botanical Society , Volume 11, 1893, p. 517.

literature

  • Richard K. Rabeler & Ronald L. Hartman: Caryophyllaceae , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 : Spergularia echinosperma - online with the same text as the printed work.
  • Otto Schmeil, Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition, Ulmer-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volumes 1–5, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Hedgehog-seeded chickweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Richard K. Rabeler & Ronald L. Hartman: Spergularia : Spergularia echinosperma - online with the same text as the printed work. , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3
  3. ↑ data sheet at BiolFlor . ( Memento of the original from February 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.ufz.de
  4. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas Florae Europaeae: Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe , Volume 3, Cambridge University Press, 1988. ISBN 978-0-5213-4270-4 Distribution map for Europe of Spergularia echinosperma on p. 167 in Google - Book search
  5. ↑ K. Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity : data sheet
  6. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 388.
  7. ↑ Spergularia echinosperma at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 17, 2014.

Web links