Dandruff
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Red chickweed ( Spergularia rubra ) |
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| L. |
The Schuppenmieren ( Spergularia ), also called Spärklinge or Spörgel, are a genus of plants within the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The chickweed are annual or perennial herbaceous plants . They often form lawns. The stems are sometimes a little woody at the base, the stems are upright, prostrate or ascending. The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy or bald or glandular. Some species form short, leafy side shoots, so-called leaf tufts, but only ever on one side of the knot .
The leaves are opposite to each other , typical of the family. The stipules are dry-skinned, silvery and paper-like, and fused at the base.
Generative characteristics
The unisexual or hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The flower stalks are knocked down after flowering, but straighten up again when the fruit is ripe. The five sepals are free and often have a narrow, white skin edge. The five petals are entire and pink to red, rarely white. There are (one) five to ten stamens . The stamp has three styluses .
The capsule fruit pops open with three flaps. The seeds are pear-shaped to rounded, or lenticular and winged.
ecology
The pollination is effected by insects ( Entomophilie ) or by self-pollination ( Autogamie ).
The two different types of seeds spread differently: The winged seeds are spread by the wind, with the edge of the skin serving as a flying device ( anemochory ). The round seeds have a warty and prickly surface and are distributed as Velcro fruits ( epizoochory ).
Systematics
The genus Spergularia belongs to the tribe Polycarpeae in the subfamily Paronychioideae are within the family Caryophyllaceae .
About 17 species occur in Europe. In Central Europe there are hedgehog chickweed ( Spergularia echinosperma ), salt chickweed ( Spergularia marina ), winged chickweed ( Spergularia media ), red chickweed ( Spergularia rubra ) and cereal chickweed ( Spergularia segetalis ).
The genus Schuppenmieren ( Spergularia ) includes about 25 species (selection):
- Spergularia australis (Samp.) Ratter : It occurs in Portugal and in western Spain .
- Spergularia azorica (childb.) Lebel : It is endemic to the Azores .
- Spergularia bocconei (Scheele) Ash. & Graebn. : It occurs in southern Europe , northern Africa and western Asia .
- Spergularia capillacea (Kindb. & Lange) Willk. : It occurs only in Portugal and Spain.
- Spergularia depauperata (Gay) Rohrb. : It occurs in Argentina and Chile .
- Spergularia diandra (cast.) Heldr. : It occurs in Eurasia and North Africa .
- Hedgehog-seeded chickweed ( Spergularia echinosperma (Čelak.) Ascherson & Graebner ); it occurs in Spain, Morocco, France, in Central Europe up to Slovakia .
- Spergularia fimbriata Boiss. : It occurs in Morocco , Spain, Portugal and the Balearic Islands .
- Spergularia heldreichii Foucaud : It occurs in southern Europe and North Africa.
- Spergularia lycia P. Monnier & Quézel : It occurs in Crete and Turkey .
- Spergularia macrorhiza (Req.) Heynh. : It occurs in Corsica , Sardinia and Italy .
- Salt chickweed ( Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. , Syn .: Spergularia salina J. Presl & C. Presl ): It is distributed almost worldwide, with the exception of South America, for example.
- Winged chickweed ( Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl ), according to Fischer Spergularia maritima : It occurs in Eurasia, North Africa and the Canary Islands .
- Spergularia nicaeensis Burnat : It occurs in southern Europe and North Africa.
- Spergularia purpurea (Pers.) G.Don : It occurs in Morocco, Portugal and Spain.
- Red chickweed ( Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl ); It is common in Eurasia and North Africa.
- Spergularia rupicola Le Jol. : It occursmostly near the coastin Western Europe .
- Chickweed or cereal chickweed ( Spergularia segetalis (L.) G. Don , Syn .: Delia segetalis (L.) Dumort. ): It is widespread from Morocco through Western Europe to Italy and occurs in Poland. It occurs in Europe in Spain, Portugal, France , Italy, Switzerland , Poland and previously also occurred in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany.
- Spergularia tangerina P.Monnier : It is widespread in southern Europe and North Africa.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- ↑ a b c Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae. : Datasheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Last accessed on September 23, 2014
- ^ A b Spergularia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 23, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
