Engineering geology
The engineering geology (including engineering geology ) is a branch of applied geology and geotechnics . It sees itself as a link between the classical geosciences and the structural engineering. It deals with the behavior of rocks and mountains in accordance with the genetically determined material properties and their geological development, the mechanical and physical properties and the behavior of loose and solid rocks individually and in association.
Engineering geology is an independent sub-area of geotechnical engineering, in which various geosciences and areas of civil engineering are networked. The common goals of all the specialist components that contribute to geotechnical engineering are the exploration , use and protection of the upper areas of the earth's crust , as well as stability, e.g. B. buildings , mountainsides or landfills .
Applied Earth Science
Engineering geology is an applied geoscience that not only requires interdisciplinary knowledge within the natural sciences ( geology , chemistry , physics ), but also extends into the engineering disciplines and materials science .
Important corresponding specialties are the rock - and soil mechanics , the geophysics that Erdstatik that soil science , the earth and foundation engineering , rock - and underground construction , drilling and measurement technology and applied topics of hydrology and hydrogeology .
In interdisciplinary cooperation with the named neighboring disciplines and other specialist areas, engineering geology contributes to the fact that buildings of all kinds can be built safely, appropriately and economically. This concerns the building ground for engineering structures such as traffic routes, roads, bridges, tunnels, caverns, dams, buildings, high-rise buildings, as well as the use as landfill and storage space for waste, raw materials and heat.
The task of engineering geology is not only to transport geological knowledge into geotechnical engineering, but also, conversely, to transport engineering knowledge into geology; for example in the investigation of compaction processes .
Tasks and fields of activity of engineering geologists
- Naming , description and classification (addressing) of soils and rocks ( unconsolidated and solid rock ) for structural purposes, see soil classification , petrography
- Digestion method ( drilling and sounding )
- Borehole expansion tests (pressiometer, dilatometer, side pressure tests)
- geohydraulic tests (water pressure test, pumping tests, slug and bail tests)
- Geometric engineering (inclinometer, extensometer experiments )
- Foundation and settlements
- Subsoil stability
- Slope and embankment stability ( see slope failure , slope reinforcement )
- Landslides , earth pressure
- Landfill construction
- Dam geology
- Traffic route construction and tunnel construction
- Quarry geology
- Building in subsidence and sinkhole areas
- Soil improvement measures
- Industrial landfill systems
- Reports and tenders
literature
- Dieter D. Genske: Engineering geology - basics and application. 1st edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-540-25756-X .
- Helmut Prinz, Roland Strauss: Outline of the engineering geology. 4th edition. Elsevier, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8274-1593-4 .