Inn Bridge (Innsbruck)

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Coordinates: 47 ° 16 ′ 7 "  N , 11 ° 23 ′ 27"  E

Inn Bridge
Inn Bridge
The Inn Bridge from the southwest
use Street
Crossing of Inn
place innsbruck
construction Beam bridge made of prestressed concrete
overall length 81 m
Number of openings 3
Longest span 23 + 33 + 23 m
building-costs 21 million shillings
start of building 1981
completion 1982
opening May 9, 1983
planner Willibald Zemler, Georg Lippert
location
Innbrücke (Innsbruck) (Tyrol)
Inn Bridge (Innsbruck)
Above sea level 574  m above sea level A.

The Innbrücke , also called the Alte Innbrücke , is a road bridge over the Inn in Innsbruck , which connects the old town with Mariahilf-St. Nicholas on the left bank connects. The first bridge at this point was built in the 12th century, it gave the city of Innsbruck its name and can also be found in the city ​​arms . Until the Mühlauer Bridge was built in 1581, it was the only Inn bridge in the Innsbruck area.

history

The Inn Bridge with Inntor, detail from the Topographia Provinciarum Austriacarum by Matthäus Merian , 1649
Arched structure bridge around 1840
The iron truss bridge built in 1871
The iron truss bridge at the beginning of the 20th century, looking north

In Roman times and in the early Middle Ages, the Inn was crossed on the way from the Brenner to the Seefelder Sattel at Martinsbühel near Zirl. Probably around 1165/1170 Berchtold V (III.) Von Andechs had a bridge built over the Inn, at a point where there had previously been a ford or a ferry. At the same time he founded a market settlement on the left bank of the Inn, called Ynbruggen , today's district of Mariahilf-St. Nicholas. In 1180 he and his son Berthold (IV.) Acquired “trans pontem” from Wilten Grund Abbey on the right bank of the Inn , that is, beyond the existing (Inn) bridge; Here today's old town was built as a fortified bridgehead .

The first bridge was probably a simple wooden beam bridge . The pillars were massive boxes made of logs filled with stones. The distance between the pillars was determined by the length of the load-bearing longitudinal beams and was probably less than 10 m. In Schwaz mountain book of 1556, the bridge is a wooden beam bridge on seven Jochen displayed. Due to the numerous massive pillars, the bridge represented an obstacle during floods and was regularly destroyed and repaired or rebuilt. In a view from 1577, the number is reduced to five stone box yokes, which means that the span is larger. 1649 shows a wooden beam bridge on five narrower wooden yokes, the stone boxes presumably had obstructed the flow too much.

The eponymous bridge has been demonstrable as a seal image since 1267, in the oldest surviving city seals from 1267 and 1282 it is shown running vertically with three pillars, since 1325 running horizontally with two pillars, and since then also in the city coat of arms.

The bridge led on the right bank to the Inntor, which was demolished in 1790 and through which the city was entered. Customs had to be paid to Hall and Innsbruck on the bridge. Emperor Maximilian I had a "summer house" built in the middle of the bridge to distribute alms to the poor. Since 1485 the first spring water pipeline from Hötting led over the bridge into the city. In February 2016, parts of the southern abutment of the bridge from the Middle Ages were exposed during canal construction work.

After 1750 a new type of bridge was implemented. Four bridge fields spanned the Inn over three wooden yokes with wooden arches. This bridge was destroyed by floods in 1762, 1772 and 1789. For the new building from 1790, a construction made up of three pillars and hanging truss, the cuboids of the broken off inner gate were used. Although the bridge survived the fighting in 1809 , its pillars sank in the course of time, so that the bridge had to be provided with more and more supporting pillars.

In 1850 there were plans to replace the dilapidated wooden bridge with a chain bridge . For this, the Ottoburg and part of the old government building would have had to be demolished. The plans were not implemented, the bridge was finally destroyed by a flood in June 1871.

The new construction was an iron truss bridge . It was the first of its kind in Tyrol and was opened on March 19, 1873. It had two river piers, steel lattice girders over the carriageway, and exterior walkways. The steel framework made of wrought iron components was connected with 50,000 rivets. The bridge had a length of 82.74 m, a total width of 12.5 m and cost 53,917  guilders .

During an examination of the bridge in 1977, massive corrosion damage was discovered. The bridge was then declared a one-way route in the south-north direction and the load limit was reduced from 12 to 8 tons, and bus routes were diverted. To relieve the burden, a temporary bridge was built by pioneers of the armed forces right next to the Inn Bridge . Since the bridge with its carriageway width of 6.5 m no longer met the requirements of traffic, a new building was planned.

Since the new bridge not only met the demands of traffic, but also had a symbolic character as the successor to the first and eponymous Inn bridge, an Austria-wide competition was announced in 1980. Since none of the 41 submitted entries met all the assessment criteria, no first prize was awarded, but four recognition prizes, from which the design by Willibald Zemler (planning) and Georg Lippert (architecture) was realized. Construction work began in autumn 1981, and the new bridge was opened to traffic on May 9, 1983. The total cost of building the bridge and building the bank amounted to 54 million schillings, the bridge cost 21 million schillings. After the completion of the new bridge, the pioneer bridge was rebuilt as a link between the Olympic Village and the Roßau (as the forerunner of today's New Orleans Bridge).

Today's bridge

The Inn Bridge to the northwest

The bridge, which was built from 1981 to 1982, consists of a 1 m thick prestressed concrete structure in three fields on two strong river pillars made of reinforced concrete. The foundation was made with 12 m deep concrete bored piles . The spans are 23, 33 and 23 m. Above the pillars, the plate is triangularly widened on both sides and provided with a solid concrete parapet, in contrast to the open steel railings in the area of ​​the bridge fields. From a bird's eye view, it is reminiscent of the medieval predecessor buildings and the depiction in the city arms. The flat lines ensure a clear view of the old town with the cathedral on one side and the façades of Mariahilf on the other. The bridge has three lanes and sidewalks and cycle paths on both sides. The bank walls and parapets were clad with Höttinger breccia . A newspaper and information stand, telephone booths, the indoor level measuring station, a toilet facility and a bicycle and pedestrian underpass were integrated at the bridgeheads.

crucifix

The crucifix by Rudi Wach

In 1515, the Cross Brotherhood of St. Jakob erected a large wooden cross on the Inn Bridge, which was destroyed in the flood of 1789. The authorities did not approve any more installation on the new bridge. In the course of the new construction of the Inn Bridge in the 1980s, the still existing Cross Brotherhood asked the city to be allowed to build a cross again. The costs were shared between city, country and brotherhood and the Tyrolean sculptor Rudi Wach , who lives in Milan, was commissioned with the design.

The cross is designed in the shape of a tree of life with an organic-floral shape of the crossbar. The crucified Christ's feet rest on the globe, his head is surrounded by a nimbus. Christ is not depicted as a sufferer, but in a transitional state as man and God at the same time, naked and without wounds.

The 4.5 m high bronze sculpture was to be erected on Ascension Day 1986. The depiction of Christ without a loincloth sparked protests in the population, heated discussions in the daily newspapers and a collection of signatures in which 20,000 signatories spoke out against the crucifix. Under this pressure, Bishop Reinhold Stecher , who had originally approved the installation, announced at short notice that he would not consecrate the cross. It was then placed in the courtyard of the Folk Art Museum. In 1991 it was donated to the city. In September 2007, Mayor Hilde Zach surprisingly had the cross erected on the Inn Bridge. As a reason she gave thanks for the fact that Innsbruck was largely spared during the 2005 flood . At Easter 2013 the crucifix was veiled as part of an Austria-wide fasting campaign, as is otherwise only customary for crosses in church rooms .

literature

  • Martin Aschaber, Günter Guglberger, Karl Sporschill: Bridges in Tyrol . Studienverlag, Innsbruck 2010, ISBN 978-3-7065-4957-8 , p. 12-13, 134-135 .
  • Walter Frenzel: stone boxes and wrought iron. In: Innsbruck - Official Bulletin of the State Capital, No. 8, 1977, p. 12 ( digitized version )
  • Wilhelm Eppacher: The Innbrücken in Innsbruck (1st continuation). In: Official Journal of the State Capital Innsbruck, No. 1, January 1954, pp. 6–7 ( digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Innbrücke (Innsbruck)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz-Heinz Hye : Mühlauer Brücke 1581–1981. In: Innsbrucker Stadtnachrichten No. 7/1981, p. 16 ( digitized version )
  2. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Vol. 2: 1140-1200 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-7030-0485-8 , p. 282 ff., No. 758 .
  3. ^ Franz-Heinz Hye: Only history without topicality? In: Innsbrucker Stadtnachrichten, No. 6/1980, pp. 2–5 ( digitized version )
  4. ^ Innsbruck in the Austrian city atlas
  5. ↑ Medieval bridge over the Inn came to light during IKB construction work . Press release of the Innsbruck municipal operations from February 26, 2016
  6. ^ State of Tyrol and Ministry of Life: Innsbruck and the flood . (PDF; 3.7 MB)
  7. ↑ Josefine Justic: The Innbrückentor. In: Innsbrucker Stadtnachrichten, No. 12, December 17, 1981, p. 16 ( digitized version )
  8. ↑ Innsbruck a hundred years ago. In: Official Journal of the State Capital Innsbruck, No. 6, June 1950, p. 7 ( digitized version )
  9. ↑ Pioneer Bridge for Rapid Relief. In: Innsbruck, No. 8, 1977, p. 1 ( digitized version )
  10. ↑ Competition for a new bridge over the Inn In: Innsbrucker Stadtnachrichten, No. 7, 1980, p. 11 ( digitized version )
  11. ↑ The result of the competition for the new construction of the Inn Bridge. In: Innsbrucker Stadtnachrichten, No. 3, 1981, pp. 8–9 ( digitized version )
  12. ↑ Handover of the new construction of the old Inn Bridge. In: Innsbrucker Stadtnachrichten, No. 5, May 18, 1983, p. 1 ( digitized version )
  13. ↑ In May over the pioneer bridge to the quarry pond. In: Innsbrucker Stadtnachrichten, No. 3, March 16, 1983, p. 1 ( digitized version )
  14. ^ A b c Irmgard Plattner: Culture and cultural policy. In: Michael Gehler (Ed.): Tirol. "Country in the mountains": Between tradition and modernity. History of the Austrian Federal States since 1945, Volume 6/3. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 1999, ISBN 978-3-205-98789-5 , pp. 294-298
  15. ↑ a b Gunter Bakay: Rudi Wach's Innbrückenkreuz. To the story of a faded excitement. In: Tyrolean and South Tyrolean cultural departments (ed.): Art in public space. 2013/2014 cultural reports from Tyrol and South Tyrol. Bozen / Innsbruck 2014, pp. 111–115 ( PDF; 9 MB )
  16. ↑ a b Jesus completely naked: Controversial crucifix in Innsbruck , religion.orf.at of September 25, 2007
  17. ^ Controversial cross erected on Innbrücke , tirol.orf.at of September 22, 2007