Martinsbühel Castle
| Martinsbühel Castle | ||
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 Martinsbühel Castle in front of the Martinswand (2014) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Martinsbühel Castle, Sankt Martinsberg, Martinsberg Castle, Zirl Hunting Lodge | |
| Creation time : | 1290 (first documented mention) | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | renovated, uninhabited | |
| Construction: | House masonry | |
| Place: | Zirl municipality | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 16 '1.8 " N , 11 ° 16' 5.6" E | |
| Height: | 616 m above sea level A. | |
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The castle Martinsbühel , sometimes also known as Castle Martinsbühel or Saint Martin Berg called, is a restored hilltop castle between the Inn and the Martin wall in the town of Zirl in District Innsbruck-Land of Tyrol (Martinsbühel 1).
location
The Martinsbühel is a low hill east of Zirl at the foot of the Martinswand. It rises at 616 m above sea level. A. around 30 meters over the Inn . It was already settled in the Latène period, later the Roman fort Teriolis was located here . Even in the Middle Ages, the hill was important because of its strategically favorable location on the Inn ferry and the road from Innsbruck to the Oberinntal and the Seefelder Sattel .
history
At the site of the late Roman Teriolis fort and the former road block, a castle complex was built over the ruins of the fort in the early Middle Ages. In 1290 Heinrich von Aufenstein enfeoffed Ludwig von "sant Marteinsberg bei Zierlen". After the nobles of Martinsberg died out, Martinsberg fell to Prince Meinhard II of Tyrol . Martinsbühel was originally intended to be the widow's residence of Margarete Maultasch , who had kept St. Martinsberg in addition to Ambras Castle and two castles in South Tyrol when Tyrol was handed over to the Habsburgs in 1363 . Rudolf IV von Habsburg prevented Margarete Maultasch from remaining in Tyrol. In the 15th century it became a hunting lodge for Duke Friedrich with the empty pocket or for Archduke Sigismund the rich in coins . The hunting lodge was also expanded by Emperor Maximilian I (a zoo, stables, farm buildings) and used as a starting point for show hunts in the Martinswand. The castle was mostly administered by aristocratic fiefs, around 1450 by the Mentlberg family.
In the 17th century the facilities were neglected and later sold by the government. The Benedictine Father and Prior Edmund Hager (1826–1906) from St. Peter's Monastery , founded the “Kinderfreunde-Benediktiner”; In 1888 he acquired the property of the early castle complex to build a monastery with the aim of building an educational institution and training center for boys based on the model of Don Bosco . In Martinsbühel, a home for apprentices was set up in 1895, in which young people who were considered neglected were trained in tailoring, shoemaking, locksmithing and gardening. After the expropriation by the National Socialists, there was a school for "difficult to educate children" in Martinsbühel from 1938 to 1945, then a home for South Tyrolean emigrants and a prisoner of war camp.
After 1947, the Benedictine nuns from Scharnitz , who belonged to the Melchtal mother monastery , ran a denominational girls' home in the buildings with an attached special school for mentally and physically disabled girls (the school was rebuilt in 1988). There are allegations of physical and sexual abuse of the children entrusted to them against the nuns of this institution . From 1985 until the closure in July 2008, the one-year housekeeping school for girls was retained, which girls from other federal states could also attend and which were assigned by the respective youth welfare services of the federal states. Due to insufficient registrations, this facility was also completely closed and at the end of 2008 the last remaining nuns moved to the Benedictine monastery in Scharnitz. Since then, the building complex including the school - which has been largely empty since 2010 - has been partially managed and inhabited by an estate manager (the artist Ferdinand Lackner). A media and publishing office can be found in the former special school.
Martinsbühel Castle then and now
Around 1700 the palace hall of the castle, the adjacent St. Martin's chapel and the castle wall were still completely preserved, but other buildings had already become ruins . Today, the rectangular Romanesque hall of the castle, which is built up from regular layers of stone, is also still fully preserved. The house has a crooked hip roof and unplastered stone masonry ; it probably dates from the first half of the 14th century. The walled up arched portal on the second floor of the south wall is remarkable. Romanesque windows and a double-grooved, pointed arched gate from the time of Archduke Sigmund the rich in coins can also be seen on it. The front is decorated with a double-headed eagle on a yellow background. There are still a few remains of the old barrier walls.
The late Gothic St. Martin's Chapel next to it dates from the 15th century in its current form; At that time, under Emperor Maximilian, the ribbed vault was built and the presbytery was added. It is believed that this is the work of Niklas Türing the Elder , the court architect of Emperor Maximilian. The origins of the chapel go back to the 6th century; it is even assumed that Martinsbühel was the temporary seat of the Rhaetian bishop Martinus-Marcianus (around 570 AD). In addition, the Martinskirche is said to be the oldest still existing church in North Tyrol. The chapel was also rebuilt in the 17th century. The long building is now provided with a high gable roof, contains fresco paintings (serrated meander, Heavenly Jerusalem and a holy bishop from the 12th century) and is adorned with a baroque bell rider. The last renovation took place in 1965.
The property is still owned by St. Peter's Monastery in Salzburg.
literature
- Georg Clam Martinic : Castles and palaces in Austria . Landesverlag in Veritas Verlag, Linz 1991, ISBN 3-85214-559-7 .
- Gerhard Stenzel: From Castle to Castle In Austria . 2nd improved and enlarged edition. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1973, ISBN 3-218-00278-8 .
- Beatrix and Egon Pinzer: Castles Palaces Ruins in North and East Tyrol . Edition Löwenzahn, Innsbruck 1996, ISBN 3-7066-2122-3 , p. 72-79 .
Web links
- Entry via Martinsberg (Martinsbühel) to Burgen-Austria
- Martinsbühel Castle
- Zirl , in the history database ofthe association "fontes historiae - sources of history"
Individual evidence
- ↑ Georg Clam Martinic, 1991, p. 402.
- ↑ The name Zirl is derived from "Teriolis". The first documentary mention of "Cyreolum" was around 799. Around 977 the place "Cirala" and around 1050 the name "Cirla" or "Cirlo" was used. In the 14th century the name "Zirle" was used in documents.
- ^ Gerhard Stenzel, 1973, p. 220.
- ↑ Sabine Wallinger: Abuse in the children's home: trap door open, child in, trap door closed. derstandard.at, December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Steering group "Victim Protection Tyrol" report to the Tyrolean provincial government (2010)
- ↑ Ferdinand Lackner ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Martinsbühel ( Memento from September 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
