Irena Krzywicka

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Irena Krzywicka (1945)
Witkiewicz : Irena Krzywicka (1928)

Irena Krzywicka (born Irena Goldberg May 28, 1899 in Jenisseisk , Russian Empire ; died July 12, 1994 in Bures-sur-Yvette , France ) was a Polish feminist.

Life

Irena Goldberg's father Stanisław Goldberg (1872–1905) was a doctor, her mother Felicja Barbanel (1872–1956) a dentist, socialist and feminist. As supporters of the Polish Socialist Party, the parents were deported to Siberia in 1898 , where Irena was born. A second child died shortly after birth. The family was able to return to Poland in 1903, where their father died of tuberculosis soon after. The mother concluded a second marriage with Jekutiel Portnoj (1872-1941). Irena Goldberg studied literature for eight semesters at the University of Warsaw . She graduated in 1922, the doctorate failed because of the supervisor. In 1923 she married Jerzy Krzywicki, a son of the sociologist Ludwik Krzywicki . They had two children, Piotr (1927–1943) and Andrzej (1937–2014). They had an open marriage; she had a relationship with the German writer Walter Hasenclever . She was a journalist at Wiadomości Literackie in 1927 when she fell in love with the doctor and writer Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński , with whom she opened a private clinic for family planning and sex education in Warsaw in the 1930s . Krzywicka published writings on child rearing and sexual education. Her open treatment of homosexuality was attacked by the political right in Poland, but also by writers such as Jan Lechoń , Maria Dąbrowska and Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, who see themselves as liberal .

Their son Piotr died during the Second World War, her husband was presumably a victim of the Soviet massacre in Katyn in 1940 , and Boy was a victim of the German mass murders in Lviv in 1941 . Krzywicka was persecuted as a Jew and survived the period of the German occupation of Poland from 1939 to 1944 under a false identity. She supported the organized resistance of the Armia Krajowa .

After the war ended, Krzywicka worked for a short time in the Polish embassy in Paris in 1945/46. In 1962 she left Poland with the second son Andrzej Krzywicki (1937-2014), who became a physicist in Geneva and Paris, and lived in Switzerland and then in France. Krzywicka translated works by Herbert George Wells , Max Frisch and Friedrich Dürrenmatt into Polish. She wrote short stories, essays and novels. In 1992 Krzywicka published her autobiography Wyznania gorszycielki .

Fonts (selection)

  • Pierwsza krew . Warsaw: Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Rój", 1933 ISBN 978-83-61006-30-5
  • Secretion kobiety . Warsaw: Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Rój", 1933
  • Sąd idzie , report. Warsaw: Towarzystwa Wydawniczego "Rój" 1935, ISBN 83-07-02657-1
  • Zwycięzka samotność. Kobieta szuka siebie . Warsaw: Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Rój", 1935
  • Co odpowiadać dorosłym na drażliwe pytania , essays. Warsaw: Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Rój", 1936
  • Ucieczka z ciemności , short stories. 1939
  • Tajemna przemoc . Katowice: Wydawnictwo Avir, 1947
  • Skuci i wolni . Stories.
  • Rodzina Martenów . Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1947
  • Colorful Kamila Martena . Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1948
  • Siew przyszłości . Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1953
  • Dzieci wśród nocy . Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1948
  • Dr Anna Leśna . Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1951
  • Żywot uczonego. O Ludwiku Krzywickim . Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1951
  • Wichura i trzciny . Warsaw: Nasza Księgarnia, 1959
  • Wielcy i niewielcy . Memories. Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1960
  • Mieszane towarzystwo. Opowiadania dla dorosłych o zwierzętach . Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1961 ISBN 83-07-02574-5
  • Miłość ... małżeństwo ... dzieci ... . Essays. Warsaw: Iskry, 1962
  • Wyznania gorszycielki . Autobiography. Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1992, ISBN 83-07-02261-4
  • Agata Zawiszewska (Ed.): Kontrola współczesności. Wybór międzywojennej publicystyki społecznej i literackiej z lat 1924–1939 . Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Feminoteki, 2008, ISBN 978-83-924783-4-8

literature

Agata Tuszyńska with her book, on it a portrait photo from 1930
  • Urszula Chowaniec: W poszukiwaniu Kobiety: o wczesnych powieściach Ireny Krzywickiej . Krakow: Wydawn. Uniw. Jagiellońskiego, 2006 ISBN 978-83-233-2204-7
  • Urszula Chowaniec: Against Masquerade: Irena Krzywicka in Search of Women , in: Urszula Chowaniec, Ursula Phillips, Marja Rytkönen (eds.): Masquerade and femininity: essays on Russian and Polish women writers . Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2008 ISBN 978-1-4438-0679-4 , pp. 157-171
  • Kaja Marchel: Irena Krzywicka as a supporter of hygiene and sexual education between 1918–1939 , in: Caris-Petra Heidel (Ed.): Die Frau im Judentum - Jüdische Frauen in der Medizin . Frankfurt am Main: Mabuse, 2014 ISBN 978-3-86321-221-6 , pp. 167-179
  • Ewa Wojno-Owczarska: On the representation of town and country in selected works by Irena Krzywicka , in: Elzbieta Nowikiewicz (Ed.): Literary Topographies in East Central Europe until 1945 . Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2014 ISBN 978-3-653-03455-4
  • Andrzej Krzywicki: Un improbable chemin de vie . L'Harmattan, 2006 ISBN 2-296-01193-4
  • Agate Araszkiewicz: L'autre initiation - Les premiers romans d'Irena Krzywicka , in: Agate Araszkiewicz: La révolution oubliée: l'émergence d'une écriture féminine polonaise dans l'entre-deux-guerres . Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2013 ISBN 978-3-631-63447-9 , pp. 79–120

Fiction

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Barbara Bruziewicz – Mikłaszewska: Felicja Goldberg (1872-1959), une dentiste de Varsovie déportée en Sibérie - son parcours avant la Première Guerre Mondiale , in: Actes. Société française d'histoire de l'art dentaire , 2009, 14, pp. 87-90. (Biography of Felicja Barbanel)
  2. ↑ Vita after Janusz R. Kowalczyk: Irena Krzywicka , at Culture.pl , 2018
personal data
SURNAME Krzywicka, Irena
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Goldberg, Irena (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish feminist
DATE OF BIRTH May 28, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Yeniseisk , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH July 12, 1994
Place of death Bures-sur-Yvette , France