János Bihari
János Bihari [ ˈjaːnoʃ ˈbihɒri ] (born October 21, 1764 in Veľké Blahovo (now Slovakia); † April 26, 1827 in Pest ) was a Hungarian composer and Roma violinist.
Life
Since this epoch of Hungarian music history has not yet been adequately researched, knowledge about his life, and especially his work as a composer, is rather poor. The music he composed has never been studied in depth. Bihari, who belonged to the Roma minority , was an important representative of " Gypsy music " and is considered to be the founder of a generation-long violin dynasty . He learned to play the violin from an early age, in practice with his family of gypsy musicians. In 1789 he married the daughter of a well-known cymbal player and became a violinist and a little later primate in his chapel. In 1801 or 1802 he moved to Budapest and founded his own band with which he toured Hungary and abroad. Both Beethoven , who heard him several times, and Liszt , who heard Bihari play in person, valued his works. In 1814 he was invited to play before the Congress of Vienna ; In 1820 his band played in front of Emperor Franz II on a Danube island off Budapest . Franz Liszt paid tribute to the art of Bihari in the book Des Bohémiens et de leur musique en Hongrie (1859) published under his name . The fact that the well-known Rákóczi March , which Liszt and Hector Berlioz transcribed (in La damnation de Faust ), came from Bihari's pen has meanwhile been refuted.
János Bihari, who could neither read nor write music, composed numerous gypsy tunes , mainly verbunkos and csárdás , whose melodies he had musicians write down. 85 of his melodies have been preserved; they influenced numerous romantic composers of the 19th century and still shape the image of Hungarian national music today.
The first biography about Bihari comes from Gábor Mátray in 1853. Erwin Major wrote the second important biography in 1928.
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Bihari, Johann . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 1st part. University printing house L. C. Zamarski (formerly JP Sollinger), Vienna 1856, pp. 394–397 ( digitized version ).
- Anita Awosusi and Franz Maciejewski: Introduction - The Music of the Sinti and Roma, in: Anita Awosusi (Ed.): The Music of the Sinti and Roma, Volume 1 - The Hungarian "Gypsy Music", series of publications by the Documentation and Cultural Center of German Sinti and Roma , 1st edition, 1996.
Web links
- Biography in the Magyar Életrajzi Lexicon (Hungarian)
- János Bihari in: A Pallas Nagy Lexikona (Hungarian)
- Sheet music and audio files by János Bihari in the International Music Score Library Project
Individual evidence
- ↑ Milena Hübschmannová : Essay on Jánoš Bihari Romani.uni-Graz (PDF; 217 kB)
- ↑ Anit Awosusi and Franz Maciejewski: Introduction - The music of the Sinti and Roma ; in Anita Awosusi (Ed.): The Music of the Sinti and Roma, Volume 1 - The Hungarian "Gypsy Music" , series of publications by the Documentation and Cultural Center of German Sinti and Roma, 1st edition, 1996, page 67
- ^ Klára Hamburger: Franz Liszt - Life and Work , Böhlau Verlag, 2010, page 23
- ↑ Music in the past and present , 2nd edition, Vol. 2, Sp. 1608–1609
- ^ Anita Awosusi and Franz Maciejewski: Introduction - The Music of the Sinti and Roma ; in Anita Awosusi (Ed.): The Music of the Sinti and Roma, Volume 1 - The Hungarian "Gypsy Music" , series of publications by the Documentation and Cultural Center of German Sinti and Roma, 1st edition, 1996, page 68
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bihari, János |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Hungarian composer and Gypsy primás |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 21, 1764 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Veľké Blahovo , now in Slovakia |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 26, 1827 |
| Place of death | pest |