János Hock

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János Hock (1918)
János Hock, grave site on the Kerepesi temető

János Hock (born December 31, 1859 in Devecser , † October 10, 1936 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian Catholic priest, journalist, writer and politician.

Life

János Hock was a Catholic clergyman and an eloquent speaker who also wrote poems and short stories. Because of a woman's story, his career in church service was slowed down, and Hock, who still had a parish in Budapest, went into politics. From 1887 he was a member of parliament in the Hungarian Reichstag , most recently as a member of the Hungarian Independence Party . During the aster revolution he became a member on October 23, 1918, and chairman of the Hungarian National Council on October 30 . In this capacity he swore in Mihály Károlyi as Prime Minister on November 1, 1918 . This formed with the representatives of the three parties of the National Council, the Függetlenségi és 48-as Párt , ( Party of Independence and the 48-er ), the Polgári Radikális Párt (Civil-Radical Party) and the Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt ( Hungarian Social Democratic Party Party ), a government in which Hock was Károlyis' deputy. Hock also took on the role of President.

On November 16, 1918, the members of the Hungarian parliament, elected according to the undemocratic suffrage of the Kuk monarchy , which still sat in the form before 1914, transferred the supreme state power to the Károlyi government, which proclaimed the Hungarian Democratic Republic . The Károlyi government was replaced on March 21, 1919 by the Hungarian council government under Béla Kun .

In July 1919 Hock left Hungary for Czechoslovakia and from there to Vienna . After the removal of the council government by Romanian troops in August 1919, Admiral Miklós Horthy took power in Hungary and reinstalled the Kingdom of Hungary with himself as imperial administrator . Horthy's troops took bloody revenge for the revolutionary events and for the more than 600 murder victims who had been killed by the terror of the council government, and allowed the terror in the country, which resulted in anti-Semitic pogroms , including Orgovány .

Together with Béla Linder , Pál Szende , Oszkár Jászi and Károlyi, on March 19, 1922, he made an appeal to the world's democratic and pacifist public , which was published in Hungarian, English and French and translated into most European languages. In it not only the terror, but also the restoration of feudal conditions in Horthy-Hungary was denounced.

On his return to Hungary, Hock was imprisoned for his journalistic attacks on the Horthy regime. He was later pardoned.

Fonts (selection)

  • De profundis . Poems. Budapest 1882
  • Imakönyv . Athenaeum, Budapest 1892
  • Szivárvány . Athenaeum, Budapest 1894
  • Vigasztalások Königyve . Budapest 1896
  • Művészeti reform . Budapest 1889
  • Rákócziné . Athenaeum, Budapest 1905
  • Jézus élete . Athenaeum, Budapest 1905
  • Virágmesék . E. Prager Publishing House, 1931
  • Börtönvirágok . Budapest 1935
  • Az élet Königyve . 1936

literature

  • Iván Völgyes (Ed.): Hungary in Revolution, 1918-19. Nine essays. Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1971.
  • János Hauszmann: Bourgeois Radicalism and Democratic Thinking in Hungary in the 20th Century. The Jászi group around "Huszadik Szazad" (1900-1949) , Frankfurt am Main 1988.
  • Mihály Károlyi: Against a whole world: my fight for peace . Munich: Verl. Für Kulturpolitik, 1924 (written in Ragusa, September 1922).
  • Gyula Andrássy : Diplomacy and World War. Ullstein, Berlin / Vienna 1920.

Web links

Commons : János Hock  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Hock, Johann. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1959, p. 347.
  2. ↑ Mihály Károlyi: Against a whole world: my struggle for peace . Munich: Verlag für Kulturpolitik, 1924, p. 509
  3. ^ The Hungarian National Assembly , Office of the National Assembly, Budapest 2011. ISBN 978-963-87318-5-2
  4. ↑ Jérôme Tharaud : The rule of Israel. (Quand Israël est roi) . Transferred from Carl Zell. Almathea, Zurich 1927, p. 118
  5. ^ Christian Schmidt-Häuer : Budapest Tragedies , Die Zeit , May 12, 2013
personal data
SURNAME Hock, Janos
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian Catholic priest, writer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH December 31, 1859
PLACE OF BIRTH Devecser
DATE OF DEATH October 10, 1936
Place of death Budapest