Jewish community of Abterode
A Jewish community in Abterode , a district of the community of Meißner in the Werra-Meißner district ( Hesse ), existed as early as 1600. In the 18th century it was the largest Jewish rural community in the Landgraviate of Hesse .
history
The sovereignty in Abterode was subordinate to the Quartfürsten , who allowed Jews to settle on their territory in order to obtain regular income from them.
In the 19th century, the Jews in Germerode and Vockerode also belonged to the Jewish community of Abterode . The Jewish families initially made a living from the cattle trade and the trade in food, manufactured goods and textiles. In the mid-19th century there were Jewish craftsmen: Three butchers, three shoemakers , two cotton weaver , two dyers , five cutters , two bookbinder and a carpenter . Most of the Jewish families also had small farms.
The Jewish community in Abterode had a Jewish elementary school , a ritual bath ( mikveh ) and its own cemetery. She belonged to the district rabbinate of Niederhessen ( Kassel ) and was looked after by the district rabbis in Eschwege .
synagogue
A first synagogue probably existed in Hinterweg 7, a half-timbered house with a square floor plan. In 1870 a new synagogue (Hinterweg 1) was built, a two-storey solid building made of red sandstone with a hipped roof .
Community development
| year | Parishioners |
|---|---|
| around 1630 | 7 families |
| around 1665 | 16 families |
| 1744 | 39 families, about 23% of the population |
| 1835 | 234 people |
| 1861 | 158 people |
| 1871 | 139 people, 13.4% of the population |
| 1885 | 183 people, about 18% of the population |
| 1905 | 167 people |
| 1924 | 102 people, 11.2% of the population |
| 1939 | 31 people |
| 1940 | 10 people |
National Socialist Persecution
During the November pogrom in 1938 , the Jewish residents were mistreated and their homes demolished. The Jews in Abterode were arrested and transported to Eschwege.
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 32 Jewish citizens who lived in Abterode and who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .
graveyard
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ).
Web links
- Information on the Jewish community of Abterode near Alemannia Judaica (with many photos of the synagogue)
- Information on the Jewish cemetery in Abterode near Alemannia Judaica (with numerous photos)