Jewish cemetery (Uehlfeld)

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Jewish cemetery in Uehlfeld, in the foreground the older part, 2011
Jewish cemetery in Uehlfeld, 2011
Jewish cemetery in Uehlfeld, 2011
Fragment of a tombstone in the Jewish cemetery in Uehlfeld with a relief of a jug for the ritual washing of hands , 2011

The Jewish cemetery in Uehlfeld in the Middle Franconian district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim is a Jewish burial site that was occupied from 1732 to 1937.

location

The 4601 m² cemetery, surrounded by a massive sandstone wall, is located on the so-called Zeckenberg , about one kilometer northwest of Uehlfeld on the road to Hermersdorf (Markt Vestenbergsgreuth ).

history

The first Jews in Uehlfeld probably already settled in the first half of the 16th century. During the Thirty Years' War , most of Uehlfeld's residents fled to the surrounding cities. In 1632 in Höchstadt an der Aisch there were reports of a Jew from Uehlfeld who was expelled with other Jewish families on the order of the Prince-Bishop. In 1696 a synagogue was established in Uehlfeld . The deceased of the community were initially buried in the Jewish cemetery in Zeckern .

In 1732, the community in Uehlfeld was offered a piece of land on a hill on which, with the permission of Margrave Georg Friedrich Karl, a cemetery was set up. The first tombstones , now partially submerged , were erected on the eastern part of the grave field. Newer tombs are to the right of the wrought iron entrance gate in the western part of the burial place. Since the 18th century, Uehlfeld has developed into the place with the highest Jewish population in the region. In the 19th century there was the Uehlfeld district rabbinate , which was assigned to the Fürth district rabbinate in 1876 .

As early as 1923 there were attacks by the National Socialists from Uehlfeld on Jewish residents. During the time of National Socialism from 1933, the facilities of the Jewish community in Uehlfeld were desecrated several times. Gravestones were knocked over in the cemetery in August 1935. In December 1936, the windows of the new synagogue built in 1818 were smashed. In 1937 the last burial took place in the Jewish cemetery in Uehlfeld. In September 1938 two Jews from Uehlfeld were arrested for "statements hostile to the state" . Although all Uehlfeld Jews had left the site by order of the NSDAP district leader by the November pogroms of 1938 , the synagogue, including its furnishings and rituals, was burned down. The small Tahara house in the cemetery was completely demolished in the period that followed.

About 40 of the originating from Uehlfeld Jews fell in the death camps of the Holocaust victims, seven were in the United States emigrated. The ruins of the synagogue were converted into a warehouse by the Raiffeisenbank after 1945 and have been preserved as such (Raiffeisenstrasse 7). There are around 275 gravestones in the Jewish cemetery in Uehlfeld today.

literature

  • Johann Fleischmann: Mezuzah 3. Traces of the Jewish past in Aisch, Aurach, Ebrach and Seebach. The Jewish cemeteries of Zeckern, Walsdorf, Aschbach, Uehlfeld, Mühlhausen, Lisberg, Burghaslach and Reichmannsdorf . Mühlhausen 2002, ISBN 3-933623-07-3
  • Israel Schwierz: Stone evidence of Jewish life in Bavaria. A documentation . Ed. from the Bavarian State Center for Political Education . Munich 1988, p. 185, ISBN 3-87052-393-X

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alemannia Judaica : Uehlfeld - Jewish cemetery . As of July 16, 2011.
  2. ^ House of Bavarian History : Jewish Cemeteries in Bavaria - Jewish Cemetery Uehlfeld . As of July 16, 2011.
  3. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 . As of May 19, 2011.
  4. ^ Alemannia Judaica : Market Uehlfeld - Jewish history / synagogue . As of July 16, 2011.

Web links

Commons : Jewish Cemetery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 40 ′ 38 "  N , 10 ° 42 ′ 26"  E