Jakob Köbel

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Jakob Köbel, woodcut (1532) with a white owl on a passion flower as a printer's signet as it was used by Köbel for decades in Heidelberg and Oppenheim from 1494

Jakob Köbel or Jacob Köbel (* around 1462 in Heidelberg ; † January 31, 1533 in Oppenheim am Rhein ); also Jacob Kobel , Kobelius , Kobelin , Jacobus Kobilinus ; was from 1494 protonotary ( town clerk ) of Oppenheim and in addition to this function still legal litigation assistant, official surveyor, calibration master ( fan ) as well as city hall host , printer , publisher , wood cutter , important (mathematical) writer ( arithmetic master ), member ( Sodale ) of the humanistic association Rheinische Society for Science and Hospes of the Oppenheim Section.

Life

Astrolabii declaratio , 1552

Köbel's living conditions are hardly known; one usually concludes his biography from his extensive and varied works. Like many scholars in the time of humanism, Köbel was characterized by a great deal of activity and a varied education. He was very successful in all of the subjects mentioned in the introduction. He was already highly regarded during his lifetime; his contemporary Sebastian Münster praised him in his cosmography. Köbel's works were popular and widespread, and were often published and reprinted.

Beginning and studies in Heidelberg

Jakob Köbel studied the seven liberal arts at the University of his hometown Heidelberg in 1480/81 and graduated in July 1481 as a Baccalaureus for the Trivium (grammar, rhetoric, dialectics) and the Quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music theory). He also studied law and earned the degree of baccalaureus in both rights.

Publisher in Heidelberg

From an early age he was active as a publisher, namely with regard to some prints by the Heidelberg publicist and printer Heinrich Knoblochtzer . From mid-1493 to late summer 1494 at the latest, Köbel worked as a printer in Heidelberg (in the Knoblochtzer printer). In 1493, Köbel published the “Editio princeps of the German fish books” there as bookkeeper .

Studied in Cracow

For further training in his favorite subjects, he moved to the University of Krakow around 1490 , which overtook all other high schools in Germany because of its mathematical fame.Köbel met Nicolaus Copernicus , who was also studying mathematics, and probably maintained this youthful relationship in later years, such as the Copernicus biographer Simon Starowolski reported in 1627.

The more recent research no longer regards the studies in Krakow as proven.

Town clerk in Oppenheim

In autumn 1494 at the latest, he assumed the highest administrative function in the city of Oppenheim as town clerk and held this office until his death. On May 8 of the same year he married the daughter of the Oppenheim councilor Henrich zum Gelthus. In addition to his main function, he also worked as an official surveyor and calibration master and at times ran the Ratsweinwirtschaft.

Printer and publisher in Oppenheim

Köbel continued his publishing activities, which he had already started in Heidelberg, in Oppenheim and set up his own print shop in Rentzergasse (now Pfaugasse). Until 1515 or longer, Köbel also used wooden sticks that Knoblochtzer had already used in Heidelberg in 1490. The first prints appeared in 1499. A book on fishing published by Köbel in Heidelberg in 1493 (the first printed German “Fischbüchlein”) has only survived in a reprint from 1518.

As a humanist, he was initially open to Lutheran teaching and printed a.o. a. also according to his writings. In addition, in 1528 he published two editions of Sebastian Münster's Instrument der Sonne .

The Calendarium Romanum Magnum by Johannes Stöffler , with his proposal for calendar reform , was printed by Köbel in Oppenheim in 1518. A copy from the possession of Nicolaus Copernicus ended up in the library of Uppsala University as looted art from the Polish-Swedish wars of the 17th century . The DNA analysis of two hairs found in the book and a tooth from a skull found in Frauenburg Cathedral showed that both can be assigned to the astronomer with a high degree of probability.

Retirement

For health reasons he closed his printing shop in 1529 and was only active as a writer. He died on January 31, 1533. His grave is in the Katharinenkirche in Oppenheim .

Publications (selection)

Due to a similar signature, his woodcuts were sometimes confused with those of Jacob Kallenberg .

  • The art of driving Visch and birds. With the Henden fish traps Anglen names Pletzen. H. Froschauer, Augsburg 1518 (reprint of August or September 1493 - not 1498 as faked by the reprint - in Heidelberg by Jakob Köbel first published and dedicated to the Mainz canon Gilbrecht von Buseck, a Köbel from his friend Johann Rittershofen or Ritterßhofen , handwritten treatise presented to the town clerk of Neustadt an der Hardt ).
    • Also expanded as the second part in: Gregor Mangolt : Fischbuch. On the nature and properties of fish. Christoph Froschauer , Zurich 1557 (further editions: 1576, 1578, 1598 and more often)
  • The footpath tzuo of eternal bliss. Knoblochtzer, Heidelberg 1494.
  • Eynn Newe ordered rake booklet vf den linien mit Rechepfenigen (Oppenheim, 1514, 1520; Augsburg 1514, 1516 by Erhart Öglin ; Franckfort 1544 Christian Egenolffen)
  • Eynn Newe ordered Vysirbuch (Oppenheim, 1515)
  • Decastichon in peregrinationẽ ad sanctum Philippũ confessorem (Oppenheim, 1516)
  • With the kryde or quills - Rechepüchlein (Oppenheim, 1520)
  • From the origin of the division / measure of measurement of the Ertrich der Ecker (Oppenheim, 1522)
  • Arithmetic and sighting (Franckenfurt am Meyn, 1532 by Christian Egenolffen)
  • Eyn artificial sun Vhr inn eynes yeden meschen Lincken handt (zu Meyntz, 1532 by Peter Jordan)
  • Geometrey  (first edition, 1535, posthumous) reprinted, Franckfort am Mayn, 1598 ( digital.slub-dresden.de Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden) ,.

literature

  • Johann August Ritter von Eisenhart :  Köbel, Jakob . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, pp. 345-349.
  • Heinrich Grimm:  Köbel, Jakob. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 289 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Heinrich Grimm: The bookkeepers of the German cultural area and their places of settlement 1490 to 1550. In: Archive for the history of the book industry. Volume 7, 1966, No. 411 and Col. 1477.
  • Heinrich Grimm: New contributions to the "fish literature" of the XV. to XVII. Century and through their printer and bookkeeper. In: Börsenblatt for the German book trade - Frankfurt edition. No. 89, November 5, 1968 (= Archive for the History of Books. Volume 62), pp. 2871–2887, here: pp. 2872–2876.
  • Josef Benzing : Jakob Köbel zu Oppenheim 1494–1533. Bibliography of his prints and writings. Pressler-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1962.
  • FWE Roth : The printing works of Jakob Köbel, town clerk in Oppenheim, and their products (1503-1572). A contribution to the bibliography of the XVI. Century . Harrassowitz, Leipzig 1889 ( digitized version )
  • Josef Benzing: The book printing to Oppenheim . In: Hans Licht (ed.): Oppenheim, history of an old imperial city (on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of the city elevation) . Oppenheim 1975, p. 159–167 (Dr. Martin Held Foundation).
  • Richard Hergenhahn: Jakob Köbel to Oppenheim . In: Oppenheimer Geschichtsverein (Ed.): Oppenheimer Heft . No. 11 . Oppenheim 1995, ISBN 3-87854-115-5 , pp. 2–71 (written by Dr. Martin Held).
  • Richard Hergenhahn: Jakob Köbel, his importance as a mathematical writer . In: Oppenheimer Geschichtsverein (Ed.): Oppenheimer Heft . No. 13 . Oppenheim 1997, ISBN 3-87854-130-9 , pp. 2–73 (written by Dr. Martin Held).

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Heinrich Grimm: New contributions to the "fish literature" of the XV. to XVII. Century and through their printer and bookkeeper. 1968, p. 2876.
  2. ↑ According to the NDB; others speak of * around 1460 as a precaution; In any case, the year of birth in ADB with * around 1470 is doubtful, as noted in the correction in ADB Vol. 19, since Köbel was appointed Baccalaureus of the seven liberal arts in July 1481.
  3. ^ Heinrich Grimm: New contributions to the "fish literature" of the XV. to XVII. Century and through their printer and bookkeeper. 1968, p. 2872 f. and 2876.
  4. ↑ See also Rudolph Zaunick : The oldest German fish booklet from 1498 and its significance for later literature. Berlin 1916 (= archive for fishing history. Addition).
  5. ↑ As his contemporary Hartmann Schedel reports in his Nuremberg Chronicle 1491. “The big meeting in the Hohschuol is filled with clear, highruembten and wolgelerten men. alda then vil vnd mancherlay freyer art. lere vnnd written knowledge plueet. ”- ( Wikisource ).
  6. ↑ According to the university records in 1491, Copernicus was registered there under the rectorate of the full professor and lector of theology Matthias Kobilinus in the directory of students at the Jagellonische Bursa (University of Krakow) as Nicolaus Nicolai de Thuronia .
  7. ↑ See NDB
  8. ↑ Hergenhahn refers to the repeatedly used connection via the name Kobilinus. This addition to the name of a large number of enrolled students indicates their origin from the city of Kobylin .
  9. ^ Heinrich Grimm: New contributions to the "fish literature" of the XV. to XVII. Century and through their printer and bookkeeper. 1968, p. 2873.
  10. ↑ Some sources refer to him as the Mainz councilor
  11. ↑ He is also called a Catholic reformer , a term that can apply to many Rhenish humanists.
  12. ^ Spiegel Online: Researchers want to have identified Copernicus' bones .
  13. ↑ sueddeutsche.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.sueddeutsche.de  
  14. ^ Heinrich Grimm: New contributions to the "fish literature" of the XV. to XVII. Century and through their printer and bookkeeper. 1968, pp. 2872-2875.
  15. ↑ digitized version
  16. ^ Heinrich Grimm: New contributions to the "fish literature" of the XV. to XVII. Century and through their printer and bookkeeper. In: Börsenblatt for the German book trade - Frankfurt edition. No. 89, November 5, 1968 (= Archive for the History of Books. Volume 62), pp. 2871–2887, here: 2876.
  17. ^ Heinrich Grimm: New contributions to the "fish literature" of the XV. to XVII. Century and through their printer and bookkeeper. 1968, p. 2876.
personal data
SURNAME Köbel, Jakob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kobel, Jakob; Kobelius, Jakob; Kobelin, Jakob; Kobilinus, Jacob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Town clerk, printer, publisher, mathematical writer
DATE OF BIRTH 1462
PLACE OF BIRTH Heidelberg
DATE OF DEATH January 31, 1533
Place of death Oppenheim