Jacquez

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Jacquez is a red wine variety . The origin of the vine is unknown. Thomas Volney Munson assigned the grape variety to the family of Vitis Bourquina (1889) or Vitis Bourquiniana (1890). This family originated from a natural cross of the varieties Vitis vinifera × Vitis aestivalis .

The wine is deep red and has a blackcurrant aroma. After phylloxera appeared in Europe, it was grown on a large scale in Portugal and used to be found in the poorest quality red Madeira wine . Since the early 1980s, the Jacquez has not been approved for the production of Madeira wine.

In Brazil , after the must fermentation, water and sugar are added to the remaining marc and after a second fermentation, a pale-colored, low-quality wine is obtained , which is, however, locally popular. In the USA it is mainly cultivated in Texas . Mainly lightly pressed white wines ( Blanc de Noirs ) are made from it there.

Commercial cultivation of the variety was banned in France as early as 1934. In order to substantiate the ban in the long term, the Jacquez wine was assumed to be harmful to health due to an excessively high proportion of methanol . However, it has been proven that wines from Vitis aestivalis only have a slightly higher proportion of methanol due to a higher proportion of pectin and are well below the current limit values. Despite the early ban, a vineyard area of ​​546 hectares was raised in 1958 .

The variety is also approved in Australia , South Africa , Japan and Romania , among others . See also the list of grape varieties .

Origin: unknown

origin

Born in France, Nicholas Herbemont (1771–1839) received the first seedlings of a vine from Isaac Lenoir at the beginning of the 19th century. Lenoir lived in Horatio , Sumter County , South Carolina . Herbemont grew the variety among many others in his vineyard in Columbia , South Carolina and named it after Isaac Lenoir. In particular, their resistance to Pierce Disease enabled them to be grown in Texas.

The grape variety is said to have been found later in a cigar box (hence the name Cigar Box Grape ) at Nicholas Longworth (1783–1863) in Cincinnati , Ohio , and the cutting was propagated vegetatively. The variety later came from Ohio to near Natchez , a city in the southwest of the US state of Mississippi , where it was grown by a Spaniard named Jacques. In Mississippi it was marketed as Black Spanish or Jacquez.

It is often rumored that the variety was imported from the island of Madeira in the same cigar box. This error is probably due to the fact that Herbemont often assigned names of well-known European growing areas to its grape varieties. Varieties that defied a particularly warm climate, for example, were given the name Madeira. Nicholas Herbemont, in any case, gave Nicholas Longworth a number of cuttings as early as 1828, probably including the Lenoir variety. Herbemont also advised the part-time winemaker Longworth and made him one of the first successful winemakers in the United States.

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

In ampelography , the habitus is described as follows:

  • The shoot tip is open. It is very hairy white wool with a very slight reddish tinge. The green-yellowish young leaves are hairy with fine flames, already blisteringly coarse and colored carmine-red on the leaf edge (anthocyanin color).
  • The dark green, large leaves (see also the leaf shape article ) are reminiscent of the leaves of the fig tree, are mostly five-lobed and deeply indented. The stem bay is lyren-shaped open. The blade is bluntly serrated. The teeth are medium-sized compared to the grape varieties. The leaf surface (also called blade) is slightly blistered.
  • The cone-shaped to cylindrical grape is large, sometimes with side grapes and densely berried. The round berries are small and blue-black in color. The juice of the berries is also colored red (→ dye grape ).

Jacquez ripens about 30 days after the Gutedel and is one of the grape varieties of the third ripening period (see the chapter in the article grape variety). The late-ripening variety is vigorous and very resistant to powdery mildew and raw rot . It is less resistant to downy mildew and grapevine anthracnose . Its resistance to phylloxera is only moderately good.

Synonyms

The Jacquez grape variety is also available under the names Alabama, Black El Paso, Black July, Black Spanish, Blue French, Burgundy, Cigar Box Grape, Clarence, Deveraux, French Grape, Jacques, Jacquet, Jaquez, July Sherry, Lenoir, Long Laliman, Longworth's Ohio, Maccandless, Ohio, Sherry of the South, Sumpter, Thurmond, Tintiglia, Warren and Zsake.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Volney Munson, Foundations of American grape culture , p. 143; Munson carries the variety under the name Lenoir
  2. ↑ Pierre Galet, Cépages et vignobles de France, Tome 1 - les vignes américaines, pages 108-109
  3. ↑ David S. Shields, Pioneering American Wine: Writings of Nicholas Herbemont, Master Viticulturist , 13
  4. ↑ David S. Shields, Pioneering American Wine: Writings of Nicholas Herbemont, Master Viticulturist, 27

Web links

literature

  • Pierre Galet : Cépages et vignobles de France. Volume 1: Les vignes Américaines. 2e édition, entièrement refondue. Paysan du Midi, Montpellier 1988, ISBN 2-902-771-03-7 .
  • Pierre Galet: Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages. Hachette, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-01-236331-8 .