Hunting signal

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Hunting horn blower with Fürst-Pless horn

In hunting practice, hunting signals are sequences of sounds that are blown on the hunting horn and have the task of conveying certain information about the course of a hunt .

history

At the time of the parforce hunts , the parforce horns rang out on the hunts with the fanfare of the " chasse à courre " from France. These horns were the only means of direct communication over long distances during the hunt .

In Germany, after the Napoleonic occupation, drag hunts became widespread in addition to riding hunts. For them there were also hunting signals and fanfares for B-flat hunting and Eb parforce horns. This former equestrian sheet music, which was blown on horseback and drag hunts in the 19th century, was largely lost in the war years of the 20th century. For this reason, from the 1950s onwards, when drag hunts behind packs of dogs were ridden on artificial tracks in Germany, the equestrian hunting horn blowers had no suitable hunting signals and fanfares for this hunting process. Only in Army publication 32 of September 1, 1936 there are some old hunting signals for E-flat parforce horns.

Only today are hunting signals and fanfares for Bb and Eb hunting horns for riding and drag hunts offered again. Like 150 years ago, this hunting action can be accompanied by the wind with suitable hunting signals. The hunting signals for riding and drag hunts are: departure for the hunt, farewell to the hunt, arrival at the meeting place, departure for the hunt, beginning of the day, greeting the hunting party, greeting the hunter, curée, thanks to the huntsman, thanks to the hunter, The hunt is going well, fanfare of the equipage, hunt over - halali, good hunt, halali, return home after a good hunt, horn sound for the hunt, horrido, homage to the hunt, new departure, rider's cry, return from the hunt, hunter thanks, welcome to the hunt , To the breaks, To the rendezvous.

That didn't change anything about the hunters' hunting signals. A large part of today's hunting signals for hunting horns tuned in Bb, blown in Germany with the Fürst-Pless horn , comes from the Prussian military period in the 19th century. The Clairon was and remained the norm in the Prussian army . These military signals at that time still today with the pale style and sound pattern the hunting signals, although it was only introduced since 1880 and has been retained until today.

Some of the hunting control signals can be derived directly or with small changes from the military signals. In the military, however, the signals mostly had a different meaning. Even today, hunting signals are part of training and examinations and are also used in practice in company hunts , even if the mobile phone has replaced many aspects of communication for safety. The main focus when using the hunting signals today is the maintenance and promotion of hunting customs .

function

Hunting signals that are blown today on the Fürst Pleßschen hunting horn in Bb are thus originally neither edifying "pieces of music", nor do they pursue an artistic claim.

Hunting signals

The subgroup of hunting signals is of particular practical importance as a control and safety element in company hunts. The hunting signals are mainly used to coordinate the hunters with one another and the hunters with the drivers . Communication via hunting horn signals is superior to this even in times of modern telecommunications technology with mobile phones, important orders are heard immediately by all participants. In this respect, the use of the signals that are blown with the Fürst-Pless horn continues to be of great practical value. The signals include the greeting at the beginning and at the end of the hunt (the latter signal, which is blown together after this in the case of company hunts, is called Halali in the hunter's language ), warning signals and calls for help in the event of dangers and accidents as well as instructions on how the drivers and hunters to approach have behaved. One speaks here of hunting control signals.

Dead signals

The death signals are played with the hunting horn after the hunt when blown to death on the hunting route and are considered the final tribute to the game by the hunters. Dead signals are classified according to large and small game . When blown to death, Fürst Pless horns are also blown together with Parforce horns tuned in Bb .

competition

There is a guideline of the German Hunting Association (DJV) for holding competitions in hunting horn blowing. Group size, clothing and the use of the Fürst-Pless horn, in the "mixed group" also that of the Parforce horn in Bb, are binding. The signals are often two-part, sometimes unanimous (especially hunting guidance signals) or rarely four-part, in the "mixed group" sometimes six-part.

Official hunting signals of the DJV

General signals

The high awakening greeting
To eat Leaf whipping
Chase over

Hunting signals

Hoof answer
Emergency call The whole
Departure for the hunt Blowing the drive
Drift loudly Drift in silence
Encouragement to go on Stop
Driver in the boiler Driver back
Rooster at rest Gathering the hunters
Dog call Car call

The hunting signal "Hahn in Ruh" is the unofficial term for "stop shooting".

In Germany, two hunting signals are of particular importance:

  • “The whole thing - blowing the drive”: The hunters are allowed to load their weapons and shoot at released game. The drivers, if used, begin to work.
  • "Hahn in Ruh": It is no longer allowed to shoot. The weapons must be unloaded immediately.

More rarely used hunting signals

Driver brigades Corner in front
center direction
Right wing Gathering the shooters
Left wing Collecting the drivers
Contraction of the wings Put down game

Big game signals

Bison dead Fallow deer dead
Bear dead Grouch dead
Moose dead Chamois dead
Deer dead Pig dead

Small game signals

Deer dead Rabbit dead
Fox dead Flying game dead
Dead rabbit Predatory game dead

Hunting music

The beginnings of hunting music go back to the Paleolithic . Instruments such as pipes, bone flutes with finger holes and animal horns were used to communicate over long distances. Instruments that were too heavy for hunting, such as aulos , cornu and luren , were blown for sacrificial festivals . In the Middle Ages was Olifant used. The first reports of hunting calls can be found at Xenophon . In France in the 13th century, the hunting book La chace dou cerf describes the frequent use of hunting signals. In the 17th century the instruments were improved so that multi-part pieces were possible. The founder of the Bohemian Order of St. Hubertus, Count Franz Anton von Sporck (1662–1783) ensures that hunting music is spread. The advancement of the horns leads to art music, e.g. B. the congratulatory hunting ballet for the birthday of Johann Friedrich von Brandenburg-Ansbach (1673). The first records of German hunting signals can be found in The Perfect German Hunter . Are known Johann Sebastian Bach hunting cantata Was mir behagt (1713) or Carl Maria von Weber's opera Der Freischütz (1821). The popularity of hunting music is evident in the instrumental music of the 18th century. Antonio Vivaldi with Caccia in Autumno (1725), Leopold Mozart with Sinfonia da caccia (1756), Joseph Haydn with Auf dem Anstand (the symphony with the horn signal ), and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart with the Jagdquartett in B flat major are examples. Compositions with hunting themes run through the 19th century ( César Franck , Bedřich Smetana , Antonín Dvořák , Anton Bruckner , Gustav Mahler , Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy , and the concert etude Wilde Jagd with Franz Liszt ). In the dance and march music, hunter marches by Anton Wranitzky and Johann Strauss emerge . The Hubertus Masses are also part of hunting music.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Haseder, p. 435
  2. ↑ Haseder, p. 418
  3. ↑ Flemming