Annual show of German work
The Annual Show of German Work was an annual exhibition in Dresden from 1922 to promote industry , science and commerce . The events took place in and around the area of the City Exhibition Palace.
prehistory
Dresden had a rich exhibition tradition as early as the 18th century. In 1765, Dresden was the first German city to host the first academic art exhibition in the Palais Fürstenberg under the title "Teachers 'and students' exhibition to encourage artists and judge connoisseurs" based on the French model: the first major art exhibition ever took place in Paris in 1763 . In addition to other art exhibitions in Dresden, the first trade exhibition took place in 1824 under the title "Exhibition of the entire domestic industrial diligence". In 1828 the “First public exhibition of rare fruits and plants” opened the tradition of the Dresden garden shows in the palace in the Great Garden . In 1845 the "Great Saxon Trade Exhibition" took place in the orangery building .
Dresden achieved international reputation as an exhibition city in 1887. This year three exhibitions took place: In the Great Garden the First International Horticultural Exhibition and the “International Exhibition of Products and Supplies for the Bakery, Confectionery and Related Trades”, as well as the “International Exhibition 'The Watercolor'” in the rooms of the School of Applied Arts and the Polytechnic school on Antonsplatz .
This lively exhibition activity was continued until the outbreak of the First World War and was actively promoted by the then mayor Gustav Otto Beutler . Under Beutler, the City Exhibition Palace was built in Dresden to create the space urgently needed for the extensive specialist exhibitions. The opening took place on May 2, 1896 with the Second International Horticultural Exhibition . Also in 1896 the " Exhibition of Saxon Crafts and Applied Arts " took place. This exhibition included an extensive and lavishly designed section "The old town", which was dedicated to the services of homeland security and monument preservation . This exhibition received a lot of attention and promoted the founding of the Association for Saxon Folk Art and Folklore by Oskar Seyffert .
The "German Building Exhibition" followed in 1900 and the "German City Exhibition" in 1903. The Third German Applied Arts Exhibition in Dresden in 1906 was central to the development of the arts and crafts . This exhibition was a defining expression of the reform movement in the arts and crafts. Formal simplicity, the beauty of the functional and the connection between art and technology were central themes. In 1909 the "International Photographic Exhibition" took place. The performance of photographic and other optical devices as well as their artistic and commercial application was presented.
Up until the First World War, at least one important exhibition took place in Dresden every year. A high point was over 5 million visitors and a profit of 1 million Reichsmark the International Hygiene Exhibition in 1911 . The First World War ended the longstanding exhibitions in Dresden. The City Exhibition Palace was used as a hospital during this time .
Annual shows of German work
After the war, attempts were made to revive the exhibition tradition of the pre-war period and to re-establish Dresden's reputation as an exhibition city. In the spring of 1921, the "Association for the Organization of the Annual Show of German Labor" was founded. The aim was to organize a series of ten exhibitions starting in 1922, each of which should be dedicated to a thematic focus from industry, science or craft.
This exhibition concept was only deviated from in 1926 and 1930/31. Instead of the annual exhibition of German labor, the anniversary horticultural exhibition and the international art exhibition took place in Dresden in 1926 and the second international hygiene exhibition in Dresden in 1930/31 .
1st annual exhibition "German Earth - Porcelain, Ceramics, Glass" 1922
The topic of porcelain shaped the first annual show as an industrial show. Of the 238 exhibiting companies, 140 came from Saxony. A total of 400 exhibitors took part and the exhibition recorded 850,000 visitors. A " rotunda " with a porcelain fountain from the company Meißen illuminated from the inside was built on the exhibition grounds of the City Exhibition Palace .
In a special show workshop, the production of porcelain was demonstrated, from the mixing of the earths to the finished fire. A glass exhibition was also shown. a. with works by Thuringian glassblowers . The majolica factory in Karlsruhe placed a large ceramic fountain near Lennéstrasse based on a design by Hans Poelzig ( inaugurated in Hanover in 1929 ). The State Porcelain Collection showed a special exhibition of historical porcelain in the Dresden Residenzschloss .
2nd annual show "Sport and Games" 1923
720 exhibitors were represented at the second annual show. The exhibition recorded 1,000,000 visitors. Sports vehicles and modern cars were exhibited in the domed hall of the exhibition palace. Rowing boats, sailing boats and sport boats were also on display, as well as the first glider that had flown over the Rhön .
As part of the toy show, a model railway system , an exhibition of Käthe Kruse dolls and dolls with “real” eyelashes were on view. In the “Christmas Hall” several companies from the Erzgebirge exhibited their products, including an 11-meter-long Christmas mountain from Lößnitz with 39 groups of figures, some of which were movable.
Sports events were held as part of the annual show.
3rd annual exhibition "German Textile Exhibition" 1924
In 1922 there were 5,687 companies in the textile industry in Saxony with 283,667 employees. The third annual show in 1924 was dedicated to this important branch of the economy, with 300 exhibitors taking part. New halls had to be created for the exhibition. The exhibition had 750,000 visitors. The main topics were:
- History of the textile industry in Germany and in other countries
- Textiles for clothing
- Textiles for interior design (carpets, tapestries, decorative fabrics)
- Textile machines
- Textile finishing
Textile machine factories demonstrated the most modern twisting , spinning and weaving machines .
4th annual exhibition “Housing and Settlement” 1925
The 4th annual show was dedicated to the topic of housing shortages and tried to show solutions for cost-effective construction. With 650 participating exhibitors and 1,100,000 visitors, it was the largest exhibition of its kind in Germany to date.
Thematically, the aspects of living in modern times were dealt with, with the subjects of modern heating, sanitary technology, lighting and home furnishings. Also on display were 18 partially fully furnished model and settlement houses with ornamental and kitchen gardens. A modest type house was offered from 9,000 RM, while the counterpart was a fully furnished house for 70,000 RM. A “panel house” based on a design by Bruno Paul and a wooden house by Adelbert Niemeyer were also on display . Paul Wolf designed a transportable wooden house for an area of 66 m 2 , which was offered for 11,000 RM.
The entire spectrum of building materials and construction techniques was also covered.
5th annual show "Jubilee horticultural exhibition"
The anniversary horticultural exhibition took place from April 23 to October 11, 1926, on the occasion of the centenary of the Saxon Society for Botany and Horticulture "Flora" . The design for the exhibition design in the Great Garden came from Gustav Allinger .
The first plantings began as early as 1924. The total exhibition area was 32 hectares . In addition to the permanent exhibition, a model cemetery and allotment gardens were also on view. A 30-meter-high, star-shaped wooden tower with 15 floors and an elevator was built according to a design by Josef Wentzler . The “Green Cathedral” was entwined with 3,000 creepers; every third floor consisted of a wreath of blooming flowers.
A “Rosenhof” with 300,000 roses and a light fountain by Gustav Allinger could also be visited.
6th annual show “The Paper” 1927
1,150 exhibitors took part in the sixth annual exhibition. There were 1,200,000 visitors. All areas of application related to paper production, processing and use were presented. A “press hall”, a 43 meter high tower, was built for the newspaper press. The use of paper as a building material was presented in the “paper house”.
In the scientific department, the history of the production of paper and paper as a cultural factor in connection with the development of writing was discussed. Rare prints and books from the holdings of the Saxon State Library were also on display . As part of the annual show, an exhibition by the German Association of Artists took place in the municipal exhibition building. The Association of German Commercial Graphics was also present with its own exhibition .
7th annual show "The Technical City" 1928
The seventh annual show, in which 750 exhibitors took part, took place on the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of the Dresden Technical University . 1,800,000 visitors were recorded. Urban engineering topics such as gas, water, electricity, traffic and communications were dealt with in an extensive department. The first German sound film had its premiere.
The “ first spherical house in the world ”, built in just eight weeks based on a design by Peter Birkenholz , became internationally known . This experimental building, made of steel, concrete and glass, was an expression of modern building in the 1920s. The volume was 7,600 m 3 with a required floor space of just 110 m 2 . The building weighed 280 tons. The diameter was 24 meters with a total height of 30 meters. The building had 150 windows and 5 floors. There was a restaurant on the fifth floor. The building was later regarded as “un-German” by the National Socialists and demolished in 1938 by the city administration.
8th annual show "Travel and Hiking" 1929
The 8th annual show recorded 650 exhibitors and 1,500,000 visitors. It was a kind of Dresden tourism exhibition and presented Germany as an attractive travel destination. It should encourage people to spend their holidays in their own country. A model youth hostel has been set up on Herkulesallee. Hiking equipment and sporting goods as well as means of transport related to travel were also presented.
International Hygiene Exhibition Dresden 1930
In 1930, an annual exhibition was not held in favor of the International Hygiene Exhibition. This was not directly related to the previous annual shows, but was so successful with three million visitors that it was continued in the following year.
Web links
- Annual show of German work in the Stadtwiki Dresden
literature
- Marta Fraenkel : 10 years of exhibition work in Dresden. Annual reviews of German work 1922–1929 and the International Hygiene Exhibition 1930/31. On behalf of the Presidium of the International Hygiene Exhibition . Ed .: Georg Seiring . Self-published of the International Hygiene Exhibition Dresden 1930/31, Dresden 1931.
- Heidrun Reim: Annual shows of German work in the tradition of Dresden exhibitions . In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (Ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch . tape 4 . Altenburg printing house, 1998, p. 123-144 .
- Gabriela B. Christmann: Dresden's splendor, the pride of Dresden. Local communication, urban culture and urban identity . Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-8244-4560-3 , p. 147 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-663-09814-0 ( limited preview in Google book search).
Individual evidence
- ^ Heidrun Reim: Annual shows of German work in the tradition of Dresden exhibitions . In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (Ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch . tape 4 . Altenburg printing house, 1998, p. 123 .
- ^ Majolica fountain in Hanover. In: kudaba, the culture database. Retrieved October 17, 2018 .