Jacob Martini

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Jacob Martini

Jakob Martini (born October 16, 1570 in Langenstein , † May 30, 1649 in Wittenberg ) was a German Lutheran theologian and philosopher.

Life

Born as the son of pastor Adam Martini, he matriculated on April 21, 1587 at the University of Wittenberg and changed to the University of Helmstedt on February 10, 1590 . At the newly founded academy he made himself familiar with Aristotle while studying philosophy under Cornelius Martini . He returned to Wittenberg, where he obtained a master's degree in 1593 . Under Polykarp Leyser the Elder and Aegidius Hunnius the Elder , he got an insight into studying theology and in 1597 accepted a job as a teacher in the north of East Frisia , where he also became a pastor.

In 1602 Martini was transferred to the professorship for logic and metaphysics in Wittenberg . In this he subordinated all knowledge to the spirit of Lutheran orthodoxy . This gave rise to increasing interest in metaphysics, whose Lutheran shape he helped to shape and opened up to Giacomo Zabarella's instrumentalist logic theory . Protestant school metaphysics was founded by adapting to neo-scholasticism, as it had developed in the post-Tridentine Catholic Church, especially Francisco Suárez . Martinis “Theorematum metaphysicorum exercitationes quatuordecim, continentes universam Metaphysicam in formam scientiae compendiose redactam” emerged from academic teaching.

Martini saw his real polemical task in life in fighting the Socinians . From 1614 to 1647 he had six anti-socinian writings appear. This happened not least out of practical concern for university operations and the continuance of Lutheran teaching. In Giessen, Tübingen, Rostock, Leipzig, Jena and elsewhere, school metaphysicians grappled with the spreading socinianism, but its main opponent was Jakob Martini. Martini wrote the “Institutionum Logicarum lihri VII” as teaching material for his lectures. In addition to his regular lectures, he often held disputations.

The competence he had demonstrated as the author of university textbooks on logic and metaphysics was the decisive factor in choosing him as an author in the ongoing replacement of traditional school textbooks and compendia of the Melanchthon type. The visitors of the three princely schools from the universities of Leipzig and Wittenberg, the teachers of the three princely schools and also the members of the senior consistory thought it was good, instead of the "dialectic" of Melanchthon's student Lukas Lossius and the "rhetoric" of Philipp Melanchthon's new textbooks on both Developing disciplines for the grammar schools in Saxony, as had already been done with the Donat grammar and compendium. Both titles no longer met the demands of the learning youth.

Martini, however, felt more drawn to theology, nevertheless took over the professorship for ethics in 1613 and was able to pursue the theological licentiate in 1615 with the permission of the elector and in 1623 he received his doctorate in theology. Thereupon he received a professorship at the theological faculty, rose to provost at the Wittenberg Castle Church in 1627 and thus became assessor at the Wittenberg Consistory . He was also buried on June 3rd in the Wittenberg Castle Church. His tombstone was also erected for him there, which is in the courtyard of the castle and depicts him in life size.

Works

  • Lutheranism / This is a short repetition of the most important main pieces of our Christianity / and religion founded in God's word, Hamburg 1601
  • Logicae peripateticae libri II, 1603, 16227; Exercitationes metaphysicarum libri II (1603/4), 1608, 1624
  • Disputationes ethicae, 1605
  • Oratio de utilitate et necessitudine logices, 1606
  • Disputationes logicae domesticae 1606, 1608
  • Exercitationes nobiles de anima, 1606
  • Disputationum logicarum publicarum decas, 1607
  • Quaestiones illustres philosophicae, 1607
  • De communicatione proprii contra Barth. Keckermannum, 1609
  • Themata decem contra systema logicum Keckermannianum, 1610
  • Institutionum logicarum libri VII, 1610, 1674
  • Partitiones et quaestiones metaphysicae 1611, 1615
  • Collegium metaphysicum, 1614
  • Disputationes physicae, 1617
  • Vernunfft-Spiegel, that is / Thorough and irresistible report / what the reason / sampt the same perfection, Philosophia genandt / sey, 1618
  • Disputationes metaphysicae, 1619
  • Discussionum ramistarum libri II, 1623.

family

Martini was married twice. His first marriage was with Agnes, the daughter of the mayor of Berenburg Andreas Ohrlaub. This 19-year marriage resulted in five sons and four daughters. Among the children we know Ezard Martini († 1622 in Jena), Andreas Martini (born December 26, 1602 in Wittenberg; † October 22, 1636 in Paris, Dr. med. Padua, see LP), Adam Martini (died after the Birth), Adam Jacob Martini (councilor in Danzig), Johann Friedrich Martini († 1642), Maria Catharina Martini († 1625), Regina Martini (married to Friedrich Kornmann ), Anna Martha Martini († young) and Anna Elisabeth Martini ( 1. Marriage with Joachim Crusius, pastor in Schmiedeberg; 2. marriage with Georg Forster, provost in Kemberg) of his married daughters he had seen 15 grandchildren. His marriage on July 6, 1619 to Magdalena († May 20, 1663), daughter of the mayor of Köthen Balthasar Sturm, resulted in three sons and three daughters. Known are Christoph Ernst Martini († young), Balthasar Johann Martini (born December 13, 1621 in Wittenberg; † September 12, 1637 in Wittenberg), Gottfried Martini († September 28, 1657 in Leipzig as a student jur.), Maria Magdalena Martini († young), Elisabeth Martini (married Samuel Ritter) and the daughter Magdalena (married a certain Fabrii).

literature

personal data
SURNAME Martini, Jakob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Martini, Jacob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Lutheran theologian and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH October 16, 1570
PLACE OF BIRTH Langenstein
DATE OF DEATH May 30, 1649
Place of death Wittenberg