James C. Phillips

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James Charles Phillips , called Jim Phillips , (born March 9, 1933 in New Orleans , Louisiana ) is an American theoretical solid-state physicist .

Life

Phillips grew up in Arizona , Colorado, and New Mexico and graduated from high school in Albuquerque in 1950 . He studied physics at the University of Chicago (including with Enrico Fermi in his last course in 1955) and mathematics with a bachelor's degree in 1953 and a doctorate in 1956 with Morrel H. Cohen . As a post-doctoral student , he was at Bell Laboratories until 1958 (in the theory group of Conyers Herring ), 1958/59 at the University of California, Berkeley (with Charles Kittel ), and 1959/60 at the University of Cambridge at the Cavendish Laboratory ( as well as 1962/63 and 1966/67 as a scholarship holder of the National Science Foundation). From 1960 he was first assistant professor and finally professor of physics at the University of Chicago. From 1969 he went back to Bell Laboratories, where he stayed until 2001. He then went to Rutgers University as a visiting scholar.

He had been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1977 . In 1972 he received the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize and in 1992 the Hume Rothery Medal.

plant

At the end of the 1950s, Phillips developed the pseudopotential method, an important method in theoretical solid-state physics, for example for precise band structure calculations. He developed this theory further at the University of Chicago with his PhD student Marvin Cohen and applied it to the precise prediction of optical properties and photoemission data of semiconductors. He also passed the method on to theorists at Cambridge such as Volker Heine .

In the 1960s he dealt with the microscopic theory of the tunnel transition from superconductors to normal metal (with Morrel Cohen and Leo Falicov ), which confirmed the observations of Ivar Giaever and inspired the Nobel Prize-winning work of Brian Josephson , and a theory the ionicity of chemical bonds in crystals, especially semiconductors.

In the 1970s he developed the theory of compact networks with topological constraints with application to disordered systems such as glass. From the 1980s he applied his theory of self-organized networks to the then newly discovered high-temperature superconductors (HTS). His theory of the ceramic HTS maintains the phonon interaction as the primary mechanism for the formation of Cooper pairs , but abandons the translation invariance as in the classic case of metallic superconductors. Instead, the result is the image of local molecular wave packets, which spread like a network between the dopands ( percolation ).

In the 1990s he continued to study glass and other disordered systems and developed a theory of the observed bifurcation - with two values ​​3/5 and 3/7 - of the exponents in the relaxation behavior described by a stretched exponential function , microscopically homogeneous more disordered Systems ( stretched exponential relaxation , SER). He suggested using these exponents as a measure of the local homogeneity of the underlying systems and applied it, among other things, to the distribution of citations from scientific publications (and their sudden change in 1960). His network theory of glasses also led to the development of new glasses in industry ( Corning ) and the prediction and explanation of new glass phases.

In the 2000s he applied the self-organized criticality (SOC) initiated by Per Bak to biological systems, for example in protein design, the study of their functionality, structure, folding and their biological evolution. He used SOC to create one in Brazil to support the hydrophobicity scale of proteins developed from protein databases. His theory also led to applications on viruses that can be used in the targeted fight against cancer cells (starting from strains of the New Castle Disease virus).

Fonts

He wrote over 500 magazine articles

  • Covalent bonding in crystals, molecules, and polymers. University of Chicago Press, 1969.
  • Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors. Academic Press, 1973 (reprinted with G. Lucovsky, New York, Momentum 2009)
  • with Marvin Cohen and Volker Heine : The Quantum Mechanics of Materials . In: Scientific American . tape 246 , no. 6 June 1982, pp. 82-102 , doi : 10.1038 / scientificamerican0682-82 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Life and career data according to American Men and Women of Science , Thomson Gale 2004.
  2. ↑ James C. Phillips in the Mathematics Genealogy Project (English)Template: MathGenealogyProject / Maintenance / id used
  3. ↑ James C. Phillips, Leonard Kleinman: New Method for Calculating Wave Functions in Crystals and Molecules . In: Physical Review . tape 116 , no. 2 , October 15, 1959, p. 287-294 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.116.287 .
  4. ↑ MH Cohen, LM Falicov, JC Phillips: Superconductive Tunneling . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 8 , no. 8 , April 15, 1962, pp. 316-318 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.8.316 .
  5. ^ Josephson, Nobel Lecture
  6. ↑ JC Phillips ionicity of the Chemical Bond in Crystals . In: Reviews of Modern Physics . tape 42 , no. 3 , July 1, 1970, pp. 317-356 , doi : 10.1103 / RevModPhys.42.317 ( Phillips on this 1980 in Science Citation Classics, pdf ).
  7. ↑ z. BJC Phillips, A. Saxena, AR Bishop: Pseudogaps, dopants, and strong disorder in cuprate high-temperature superconductors . In: Reports on Progress in Physics . tape 66 , no. 12 , December 1, 2003, p. 2111-2182 , doi : 10.1088 / 0034-4885 / 66/12 / R02 .
  8. ^ JC Phillips: Topological Theory of Ceramic High Temperature Superconductors . In: Condensed Matter. Superconductivity . April 30, 2009, arxiv : 0905.0023 .
  9. ↑ JC Phillips: Microscopic Spectral Model of High Temperature Superconductors . In: Condensed Matter. Superconductivity . December 3, 2005, arxiv : cond-mat / 0512068 .
  10. ↑ JC Phillips: Universal Intermediate Phases of Dilute Electronic and Molecular Glasses . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 88 , no. 21 , May 13, 2002, pp. 216401 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.88.216401 , PMID 12059486 .
  11. ^ JC Phillips: Stretched exponential relaxation in molecular and electronic glasses . In: Reports on Progress in Physics . tape 59 , no. 9 , September 1, 1996, pp. 1133-1207 , doi : 10.1088 / 0034-4885 / 59/9/003 .
  12. ↑ GG Naumis, JC Phillips: Bifurcation of Stretched exponential relaxation in microscopically Homogeneous Glasses . In: Condensed Matter. Soft Condensed Matter . June 7, 2011, arxiv : 1106.1383 .
  13. ^ JC Phillips: Self-Organized Criticality: A Magic Wand for Protein Physics . In: Condensed Matter. Soft Condensed Matter . February 11, 2011, arxiv : 1102.2433 .
  14. ^ JC Phillips Scaling and self-organized criticality in proteins . 2 parts, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences, Volume 106, 2009, pp. 3107, 3113.
  15. ^ JC Phillips: Scaling and self-organized criticality in proteins: Lysozyme c . In: Physical Review E . tape 80 , no. 5 , November 20, 2009, p. 051916 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevE.80.051916 .
  16. ↑ Recombinant replication competent on colytic viruses and methods of use thereof for the treatment of cancer. In: US patent application. Retrieved March 1, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Phillips, James C.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Phillips, James Charles (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American physicist
DATE OF BIRTH March 9, 1933
PLACE OF BIRTH New Orleans , Louisiana