Jan Cybis
Jan Cybis (born February 16, 1897 in Froebel , Neustadt O / S district ; † December 13, 1972 in Warsaw ) was a Polish painter and university professor. He was one of the founding members of the group of Polish capists , the Polish colorists, and married to the painter and university professor Hanna Rudzka-Cybisowa .
Life
After the First World War , Cybis began studying law, which he gave up in 1919 to enroll at the Art Academy in Wroclaw . There Otto Mueller , a former member of the Expressionist group " Brücke ", was his tutor until 1921. From 1921 to 1924 he studied at the Art Academy in Cracow with Józef Mehoffer , Ignacy Pieńkowski and Józef Pankiewicz . He joined the group of "Cracow Futurists". In 1923 he was a founding member of the Paris Committee, an association of Pankiewicz students'. The following year he traveled with his colleagues and party members Seweryn Boraczok , Józef Czapski , Józef Jarema , Artur Nacht-Samborski , Tadeusz Piotr Potworowski , Hanna Rudzka , Zygmunt Waliszewski , Janina Przecławska-Strzałecka , Janusz Strzalecki and Marian Szczyrbuła to Paris to continue his studies to continue at the local branch of the Cracow Academy. Cybis exhibited his work at the first exhibition of the Kapists in the Galeria Zak in Paris in 1930 . Another exhibition of pictures by the Kapists took place in 1931 at the Moss Gallery in Geneva . In 1931 Cybis returned to Poland.
Cybis had his first solo exhibition in 1932 at the Society of Friends of Art in Krakow. His work was shown at the exhibition of the Art Propaganda Institute in Warsaw. It represented Poland at the Venice Biennale in 1934 and was shown in an exhibition by the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh in 1938. In 1937 he became editor-in-chief of the magazine "Głos Plastyków", the organ of the capists. In 1948 he was appointed professor at the Art Academy in Warsaw . Later he had to give up his activity at the university for political reasons and became a curator at the National Museum in Warsaw . From 1955 to 1957 he taught at the State Academy of Art in Sopot (Polish: "Państwowej Wyższej Szkole Sztuk Plastycznych w Sopocie"), after which he was allowed to resume teaching in Warsaw.
In 1956 he had a solo exhibition in the Zachęta Gallery in Warsaw and in 1965 in the National Museum in Warsaw . Even after the Second World War, his works were often shown abroad, for example at the Venice Biennale in 1948, at the 5th International Art Biennale in São Paulo , in 1959 at the Art Museum in Alexandria , the Art Museum in Brussels and the Royal Academy of Art in Stockholm , 1961 in the National Museum of Modern Art in Paris and the National Gallery in Oslo , 1962 in the Folkwang Museum in Essen , 1967 in the Museum of the Arts in Nancy , 1969 in the Scottish National Gallery of Contemporary Art in Edinburgh as well as in Chicago , Washington, DC and in New York .
A retrospective of Cybi's work was held in the Zachęta Gallery in Warsaw in the winter of 1997/98. The largest collection of his pictures is in the possession of the Museum of Opole Silesia (Polish: "Muzeum Śląska Opolskiego") in Opole . A part of the existing 86 oil paintings and around 900 sketches, drawings, gouaches and watercolors are shown here in a permanent exhibition .
plant
“ The work of art exists in and of itself. When painting nature, our desire is to create a picture that matches our experience as a painter of the elements of a natural scene. Therefore the painting is not a document of resemblance, but a game of artistic relationships and actions that enable us to understand nature. All relationships in nature have to be translated into prerequisites for the portrait (the airplane) and acquire an independent meaning there. A color exists on the canvas only through its contrast with other colors. Concepts for colors come from the expected play with each other, since colors that try to simulate nature do not fit in the dimension of an image .... "
From 1954 to 1966, Cybis noted his views on art and culture as well as the talent and abilities of an artist in notebooks, which were published in 1980 bound as Notes on Painting (“Notatki malarskie”) in Warsaw. His translation of Eugène Fromentin's work "Les Maîtres d'autrefois" (German: "The Old Masters") made an important contribution to art history . In 1955 he was awarded the 1st Class State Prize (Polish: "Nagrodę Państwową") for his achievements as a painter. In the same year he also received a medal for the 10th anniversary of the Republic of Poland (Polish: "Medal X-lecia Polski Ludowej").
In Cybis' work during his student days in Cracow, Cubist influences can be seen in some cases . He also found inspiration in the Polish mountain folklore (“Kompozycja” 1923, “Madonna” 1923). Later his art was significantly influenced by French post-impressionism , especially Paul Cézanne and Pierre Bonnard impressed him (“Ciotat” 1925, “Pejzaż z Collioure” 1926). After his return to Poland, the dark tones increasingly disappeared from his pictures ("Martwa natura z Gołąbkiem" 1931, "Kwiaty i Motyle" 1939), borrowing from the Kapists. Still lifes, landscapes and nudes were the main motifs (“Martwa natura z butelka w plecionce” 1948, “Nude” 1947, “Poranek w Starym Sączu” 1971/72).
The Jan Cybis Prize (Polish: "Nagroda im. Jana Cybisa"), named after Cybis, of the Warsaw District of the Association of Polish Visual Artists (ZPAP) has been awarded annually to one Polish painter since 1973. This honored Cybis' services to the association during the Second World War.
literature
- Iwons Luba: A late echo of early inspirations. About the work of Otto Mueller's Polish pupil: Jan Cybis . In: Dagmar Schmengler u. a. (Ed.): Painter. Mentor. Magician. Otto Mueller and his network in Breslau, Heidelberg a. a .: Kehrer 2018. ISBN 978-3-86828-873-5 , pp. 296–303.
References and comments
- ↑ a b c Irena Kossowska, Art Institute of the Polish Science Academy ( Instytut Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk ), detailed biography ( memento of the original from December 30, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Culture.pl , March 2002 (in English)
- ↑ according to Short biography in the Munzinger archive
- ↑ Later on in the Danzig Art Academy (Polish: "Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku")
- ↑ according to der Information Jan Cybis - Malarstwo ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the museum's website
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Cybis, Jan |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish painter and university professor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 16, 1897 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Froebel , district Neustadt O / S |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 13, 1972 |
| Place of death | Warsaw |