Józef Pankiewicz

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Self-portrait of the artist
“Portrait of a girl in a red dress” (Józefa Oderfeld) from 1897
" Still life with fruit and knife" from 1909

Józef Pankiewicz (born November 29, 1866 in Lublin , Poland, † July 4, 1940 in La Ciotat , France) was a Polish painter, graphic artist and university professor. He was the younger brother of Eugeniusz Pankiewicz and a representative of post-impressionism . His work has received numerous awards. He is considered to be the founder of Polish colorism .

Life

Pankiewicz began his artistic training in 1884 as a pupil in the Warsaw drawing class with Wojciech Gerson and Aleksander Kamiński . Thanks to an Antoni Tyzenhauz scholarship , he was able to continue his education at the Art Academy in Saint Petersburg from 1885 to 1886. At that time Pankiewicz was a fan of a realistic painting style . He was greatly impressed by the paintings of Camille Corot and the representatives of the French Barbizon school , exhibited in the collection of Prince Kushelev-Bezborodko in his time in Petersburg.

After returning to Warsaw, he shared a studio with Władysław Podkowiński from 1886 to 1888 . During this creative period he mainly painted realistic depictions of Warsaw street vendors and everyday Jewish life. He also made drawings for the magazine Tygodnik Ilustrowany .

Paris

From 1889 to 1890 he lived and worked in Paris. Here, too, he was in close contact with his Polish college friend Podkowiński. At the World Exhibition in 1889 he received a silver medal for his painting Targ na jarzyny na Placu za Żelazna Brama (German "Vegetable market on the square behind the Iron Gate") , created in 1888 under the influence of Aleksander Gierymski .

In Paris he was impressed by Claude Monet's painting style . As a result, he adopted impressionistic representation techniques in his own painting. After returning to Poland, he introduced late Impressionist luminism into Polish painting. The light-filled landscapes, most of which he painted in the vicinity of the historically picturesque village of Kazimierz Dolny , were based on the contrasts of cold and warm tones and were already created using the technique of Divisionism . In the Salon of Aleksander Krywult, Pankiewicz and Podkowinski exhibited a controversial series of Impressionist landscape paintings, including the painting Targ na kwiaty przed kosciołem Św from 1890 . Magdaleny w Paryżu (German “Flower market in front of the Magdalen Church in Paris”), which was criticized by critics. Pictures from the same year were also uncompromisingly impressionistic: Wóz z sianem (“hay cart”) and Pejzaż z krzewami (“landscape with bushes”).

Over the next few years, the artist was influenced by symbolism . He created atmospheric, almost colorless pictures: in 1892 the Rynek Starego Miasta w Warszawie nocą ("Warsaw Old Town Market by Night"), 1896 Dorożka nocą ("Carriage by Night") and Łabędzie w ogrodzie Saskim ("Swans in the Saxon Garden"), 1897 Park w Duboju ("Duboj Park"). Inspired by James Whistler's work, a series of portraits was created such as 1897 Portret Dziewczynki w czerwonej sukni (“Portrait of a girl in a red dress”) and Portret Pani Oderfeldowej z córką (“Portrait of Mrs. Oderfeld and her daughter”). This painting was awarded a gold medal at the World Exhibition in 1900 . He also won a silver medal the following year. In 1900, Pankiewicz's works were shown at the exhibition of Polish artists in the Georges Petit gallery in Paris. Pictures of him were also exhibited at various Parisian salons, such as the autumn salons of 1904, 1907, 1909 and 1919 and the salons of the Société des Artistes Indépendants in 1911 and 1912.

Already in 1897 Pankiewicz had joined the Krakow artist society "Sztuka" (German: art ). The association regularly organized exhibitions of Polish artists at home and abroad. His work was shown in Vienna several times (1902, 1906 and 1908). Between 1897 and 1903, Pankiewicz traveled widely across Europe, visiting Holland, Belgium, England, Germany, Italy and France. In 1899 he published the first collection of graphic works in Poland under the title "Quatorze Eaux-Fortes".

University professor

In 1906 he was appointed professor at the Cracow School of Art . During a stay in France in 1908 he got to know and appreciate the French artists Pierre Bonnard and Félix Fénéon . Bonnard in particular had a strong influence on his further artistic development.

During the First World War, Pankiewicz lived in Spain. Here he met Robert Delaunay . Władysław Jahl worked for him. In 1922 a notable solo exhibition took place at the Bernheim-Jeune gallery in Paris. From 1923 he taught again at the Cracow Academy. From 1925 and 1937 he headed the branch of the Cracow University of Applied Sciences in Paris. In 1923 his pictures were shown in the gallery of Józef Poznański in Warsaw and in the following year in the Art Palace in Krakow . Further exhibitions followed.

At the "General National Exhibition " ( Powszechna Wystawa Krajowa ) in 1929 in Poznan Pankiewicz was awarded a gold medal. In 1933 the Institute for the Promotion of Culture in Warsaw organized a major retrospective to celebrate the 40th anniversary of his artistic career. The celebrations for the artist's 70th birthday in 1936 included a presentation of his works from the Feliks Jasieński collection in the Kraków National Museum . In the same year the painter made several working trips to Saint-Tropez , Cassis , Sanary , and finally La Ciotat, where he lived until his death.

Memberships and honors

Pankiewicz was a member of the Society of Polish Artists in Paris and the Association of Polish Artists in France . In 1928 he joined the Prague artists' association “ Mánes ”. The French government made the artist Knight of the Legion of Honor in 1927 ; from the Polish government Pankiewicz received the Commander's Cross of the Order Polonia Restituta .

Works by Pankiewicz can be found in various Polish museums, including the national museums in Wroclaw , Gdansk , Kielce , Krakow, Poznan and Warsaw .

meaning

As a teacher and role model, Pankiewicz influenced an entire generation of important Polish painters who were committed to the ideals of the “Paris Committee” ( Polish Colorism ). This included artists such as Jan Cybis , Artur Nacht-Samborski , Józef Czapski , Zygmunt Waliszewski and Tadeusz Piotr Potworowski . Also belonged to the pioneers of artistic Polish graphics. Around 1894 he was the first in Poland to liberate graphic representation from its symbolic character.

References and comments

  1. ↑ Eugeniusz Pankiewicz (1857–1898) was a Polish composer, pianist and university professor
  2. ↑ Aleksander Kamiński (1823–1886) was a Polish painter and university professor
  3. ^ Antoni Tyzenhaus (1733–1785) was a Polish politician, reformer and entrepreneur
  4. ↑ The prince later donated his important collection of realistic landscape paintings by French artists ( Gustave Courbet , Jean-François Millet , Théodore Rousseau and others) to the Imperial Art Academy
  5. ^ A b c Jan Cavanaugh: Outlooking in: Early Modern Polish Art. 1890-1918 . ISBN 0-520-21190-1 , University of California (publisher), Berkeley, Los Angeles and London 2000, pp. 41ff.

literature

  • Tomasz Adam Pruszak, Malarstwo polskie ze zbiorow Narodowego Banku Polskiego ( Polish Paintings in the Collection of the National Bank of Poland ), NBP (ed.), Verlag Rosikon Press, ISBN 978-83-88848-69-8 , Warsaw 2009, p 72f.

Web links

Commons : Józef Pankiewicz  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Pankiewicz, Józef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish painter, graphic artist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH November 29, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Lublin , Poland
DATE OF DEATH 4th July 1940
Place of death La Ciotat , France