Jardin botanique de Lyon
| Jardin botanique de Lyon Botanical garden of Lyon |
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| Park in Lyon | ||
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| Plantings and greenhouse in the botanical garden | ||
| Basic data | ||
| place | Lyon | |
| District | 6th arrondissement | |
| Created | 1857 | |
| Technical specifications | ||
| Parking area | 8 m² | |
45 ° 46 '31.4 " N , 4 ° 51' 23" E
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The Botanical Garden of Lyon is a botanical garden that extends over 8 hectares in the Parc de la Tête d'Or , including 6500 m² of greenhouses. Its collection includes 15,000 species of plants.
The garden
( Greenhouses: see Parc de la Tête d'Or greenhouses )
In addition to the greenhouses outside its enclosure, the botanical garden also has two special sections inside:
- Alpine garden (separate opening times): It combines the flora of the middle mountain heights from different continents, where the climate corresponds to the low heights with warm summer nights.
- Botanical garden (opening times like those of the park): The department shows current or formerly native plants that occur in nature or originate from cultivation.
The department of mountain plants (laid out on rocks) is enclosed by a small arm of water. Water lilies and lotus plants can be seen in it.
The main property is a garden that is laid out in different styles and is intended to awaken the visitor's joy of discovery. A small pond offers relaxation. The department consists of the following sub-areas:
- In the French garden, classic plants are shown according to the respective season (peonies, dahlias, etc.).
- In the Dutch greenhouse there are carnivorous plants and warm part aquatic plants. The houses are in an avenue with magnolias.
- A school garden with semicircular lined corridors in the Italian style, centered on the two greenhouses.
- An undergrowth with shady trees. A small stream provides moisture.
- A "historic" rose garden paired with a rose garden of unhybrid roses.
- A winter garden.
- a small bamboo plant.
A small selection of unusual trees from the arboretum: tulip tree , cedar tree , tallow tree , ginkgo , handkerchief tree .
Visitors can take part in guided tours free of charge. This is a special offer of the city and the botanical conservatory together with the visits to the Parc de Gerland .
history
The story of the Botanical Garden of Lyon begins in 1796 with Poullain-Grandprey , when, by order of the administration of the Rhône department, the garden of the Monastery of the Desert on the slopes of La Croix-Rousse was opened as a botanical garden.
On June 9, 1803, this botanical garden became the property of the community and in 1805 displayed 4,000 native and exotic plants. Founding, management and botanical development go back to Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814), a doctor and renowned botanist.
The actual creation of the Botanical Garden of the city of Lyon did not begin until 1857 as part of the design of the future Parc de la Tête d'Or . The park stood out on an area of 105 hectares on the banks of the Rhone. The design manifested itself as a game of shadow, light, water and a promenade in fresh air.
After the Parc de la Tête d'Or was taken over by the city of Lyon in 1856 at the instigation of the then mayor, Prefect Claude-Marius Vaïsse , the history of the two parks merged. It takes five years to develop this vast 117 hectare marshland that belonged to the Hospices Civils de Lyon . The planning was entrusted to the landscape architect Denis Bühler .
The botanical garden collections grow rapidly, expanding to include tropical and equatorial flora with the construction of large greenhouses between 1860 and 1880.
The garden is intended to be used for education, conservation and research. For this reason, various facilities are planned: a botanical school, cold frames and greenhouses (some are so large that they are open to the public) with different temperatures, an orangery, as well as buildings for the accommodation of the director, the chief gardener, for botanicals Collections; there is a large auditorium for lectures on botany, agriculture and forestry. There are also plans to set up special tree nurseries: fruit trees that are particularly suited to the climate around Lyon; Street trees that are particularly suitable for the avenues around Lyon. There are different types of crops grown that fit into the climate.
The botanical school has an area of 5,467 m², including the collections of 3,968 m².
The large greenhouses in the Jardin botanique de Lyon
The giant Amazon water lily in the Victoria greenhouse
History of the orangery
An orangery was already planned for the project of the planetarium in the (revolution) year for the 3 fructidor on IV (August 20, 1796) by the administration of the Rhone department. They wanted to create a possibility for the wintering of frost-sensitive plants. The original plan was to acquire the buildings adjacent to the Desert Monastery to enable this orangery. Until 1819, this "orangery" was on the left after the entrance to the garden at 9 Montée des Carmélites street . However, the building did not meet the expectations, although it faced east. In 1819–1820 the actual orangery was built at this point, which thanks to the glazing was more adapted for the wintering of the plants.
From 1831 Seringe, the director at the time, held regular free summer courses of 15 units, which were mainly for the students of the art school of the Palais Saint-Pierre.
In 1857, when the botanical garden within what is now Parc de la Tête d'Or was relocated to Brotteaux , the landscape architect Bühler was commissioned to build a new orangery. That was ultimately the one that was moved here. It is the only building that was dismantled stone by stone and rebuilt here. It was then erected along the railway line, fairly close to the entrance to the entrance (Boulevard Stalingrad).
Orange, lemon, agave and other plants that can withstand temperatures around 0 ° C overwinter here. The heating is ensured by two stoves, each of which is connected to its own fireplace and is supplied with coal and wood. A gardener who lives in the park is tasked with monitoring the heating and ensuring order in the orangery: painting the planters, the doors and windows and the iron parts. These works were not kept strictly enough, so that in 1896 the building was threatened with decay. It cost F27,861.50 when it was restored in 1825.
Many plants that are used for decoration in the city (citrus fruits, but also palm trees, oleanders and agaves) come to the orangery to winter. In 1887 it became too small to hold all the flower pots for the winter and was only able to take over 41 of 63. The remaining plants were stored in the large greenhouses and in a specially prepared hangar in Gerland. This solution was not satisfactory, so it was decided to build a new greenhouse (the current house in Madagascar ) to store palm trees, oleanders and agaves and, above all, to enlarge the orangery.
It was decided to enlarge it in 1899 and an area of 230 m² for 30,000 F. was built over. Two side walls, similar in every way to the original building, were built with stones from Tournus (with the exception of the columns, bases and capitals, which are made from stones from Villebois). The plan back then was to orientate oneself exactly on the template.
The building contractor (a M. Leclerc) was asked at the end of August 1900 to accelerate the work so that the first part of the orangery, which adjoined the old building, could be finished and the roof could be connected to the old building because the former building closed on September 10th at the latest and its roof then no longer needs to be worked on. However, they were not satisfied with Mr. Leclerc's roof work, because in 1901 there were many gutters (cracks), especially in the places where the new roof was connected to the old one, so that the plaster from the ceiling crumbled. In March 1902 this was still not fixed! The “good reputation” of the orangery culminated in the statement in 1904: A room in the attic has been prepared for the gardener Philibert Chabot because his current room does not meet the hygiene regulations.
The orangery has apparently not been well looked after since it became part of the park. Every necessary measure was hastily carried out:
- In September 1910 the question arose again whether the roof had to be repaired because the gutters were damaged and threatened the framework.
- In July 1917 the stone cornice on the pavilion of the orangery crumbled.
- In 1926 the roof had to be repaired again.
- In August 1940 the roof beams were brittle and had to be repaired.
Finally in 1990 the entire building was overhauled and the floor was paved with slabs. The building is now used to organize exhibitions together with the park or on its own. Its administration is in the hands of the Green Space Office and has therefore lost its importance as a winter quarter, with a few exceptions.
The most important exhibitions in recent years have been:
- September 1994: The organization of events related to the City Hall exhibition "The flower, the tree and the child," the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Societe Lyonnaise d'Horticulture organized
- November 1994: The exhibition organized by the Agence d'Urbanisme on the future of the Park de la Feyssine
- May – June 1995: The 2nd national exhibition on maize entitled "Le maïs tout un monde de savoir" (for example: Everything you need to know about maize), organized by the Maize Growers' Association together with the City of Lyon and several food producers
List of directors of the garden
- Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1796-1808)
- Gaetano Nicodemi (1803-1804)
- Abbé Gaspard Dejean (1808-1819)
- Jean-Baptiste Balbis (1819-1830)
- Louis-Henri Latil de Thimecourt (1830)
- Nicolas Charles Seringe (1830-1858)
- Gustave Bonnet (1859-1870)
- Jean-Joseph Faivre, professor (1871–1879)
- Louis Cusin, scientific assistant (1879–1880)
- Gustave Dutailly (1880-1881)
- Antoine Magnin , Professor (1881-1884)
- Léon Guignard (1884-1887)
- René Gerard (1887–1926)
- Louis Faucheron (1926-1937)
- Robert Douin (1937–1964)
- Paul Berthet (1964-1998)
- Serge Cianfarini and Christian Dumas (1999–2000)
- Frédéric Pautz (2000-2016)
- Gilles Deparis (from 2016)
Plant collection
The current plant collection is presented to visitors in the greenhouses or outdoors. Here are some notable offers:
- Rose plants
- Ferns and bamboo
- Orchids
- Peonies , bromeliads , pelargoniums , passion flowers , begonias , dahlias and Indian flower cane
- Aronstabgewächse , marantaceae , aizoaceae , commelinaceae , Gesneriad , cycads
- Succulents , Carnivorous Plants
- Water lily plants
- Alpine plants
- Geophytes from South Africa and the Mediterranean
- Honeysuckle , viburnum and clematis
herbarium
Today's researchers combine molecular studies and botanical taxonomy to learn about and classify plants from around the world. The study of dried specimens kept in the herbarium is therefore still useful. The botanists working here today continue to contribute to the deepening of knowledge about plants and the discovery of new species (45 new findings in 2007).
The herbarium has an area of 60 m² and contains around 213,000 artifacts. The collection consists mainly of phanerogams and pteridophytes , but also mosses , lichens , algae and fungi . These samples have been collected since the 17th century and come mainly from the area around Lyon, but also from regions further away, such as New Caledonia or French Guiana.
Library
The task of the library is to provide researchers, specialists and the general public with easy access to botanical documents and information.
The base of the library in the Botanical Garden is estimated at over 6,000 works, including short commentaries and newspapers. The digital registration is complete and allows access to more than 4,500 monographic works, including 500 historical documents alone (including more than 200 from before the 18th century).
Among other works, the library includes documents on flora from around the world and special items (lilacs, orchids, ferns). It collects and maintains over 40 Curtis's Botanical Magazine , horticulture, and environmental education.
Seed collection
The task of the seed collection is to obtain seeds from the wild or from gardens in order to keep the plants in a collection (preservation of rare or endangered plants). Gardens all over the world exchange their seed stocks with one another in order to replenish the respective stock. There are more than 450 sites for seed collections. The Graineterie (seed collection) of the Parc de la Tête d'Or contains more than 5,000 seed specialties, perennial or annual. The collectors believe that the seeds lose their strength after two years. Therefore there are two compartments in each collection box: the first one stores the seeds from the current year and the other the previous years; the older ones are then replaced every year.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Le Jardin des plantes, ancêtre du jardin actuel (1796–1857)
- ^ A b René Gérard, "La Botanique à Lyon avant la Révolution et l'histoire du Jardin botanique municipal de cette ville", Masson, Paris, 1896, 96 p., Annales de l'Université de Lyon. XXIII. April 1896.