Jean Ramadier

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Jean Paul Ramadier (born December 1, 1913 in Paris , † February 19, 1968 in Montpellier ) was a French colonial official. He first worked in French Indochina , then in the French territories in Africa . There he was Governor of Niger (1954-1956) and Guinea (1956-1958) and High Commissioner of Cameroun (1958).

Life

Jean Ramadier was a son of the lawyer and socialist politician Paul Ramadier . He grew up in the department of Aveyron , where he the Lycée of Rodez visited. His father was Mayor of Decazeville from 1919 . After a preparatory course at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand , Jean Ramadier began his training at the École nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer in 1936 with the aim of entering the French colonial service. His closest study friends included Louis Rollet and Henri Gipoulon , who both later also held high offices in overseas France. In 1937 he married Mauricette Massol. A year later their first son Paul was born. Ramadier finished his education in 1939. He had degrees in public law , political economy and Vietnamese .

After a year of military service, Ramadier, according to his training, was sent to French Indochina as a colonial officer in August 1940. While his father, who had meanwhile been a minister, joined the Resistance , Jean Ramadier was subordinate to a supporter of the Vichy regime , the Governor General Jean Decoux , in Indochina, against his convictions . Decoux granted the military of the ally Japan extensive rights. From 1943 Ramadier lived with his family in the provincial capital Vinh . During this time, in addition to his work in colonial service, he wrote his legal dissertation on the history and socio-economic aspects of the French possessions in Annam . Shortly after the start of Japanese rule in Indochina in 1945, he was held prisoner and tortured by the Kempeitai for 108 days on suspicion of anti-Japanese activities . One of the humiliations was the destruction of the manuscript of his dissertation, the pages of which he found in the prison toilet. After Japan surrendered , Ramadier was imprisoned again for several weeks, this time by the Việt Minh .

After his release he spent ten months in Vinh and returned to France in August 1946, where his father became Prime Minister six months later. In January 1948, Jean Ramadier began working in the French possessions in Africa. He was initially head of cabinet of Paul Béchard , the governor general of French West Africa in Dakar . In April 1952 he became district leader of Bouaké in Ivory Coast at his request . He held this office until June 1954 and gained a good reputation among his superiors. On December 21, 1954, Ramadier became governor of the Niger overseas territory. He succeeded Governor Jean Toby in office, who had been installed by the Vichy regime . In Niger, the still young party landscape was in a phase of upheaval. The pro-French union of independent Nigerians and sympathizers , founded on the initiative of Jean Toby , slowly broke apart, for example through the split off of the Nigerien Action Bloc . Jean Ramadier was recalled from Niger after two years and was appointed governor of the overseas territory of Guinea on June 3, 1956 as the successor to Charles-Henri Bonfils . Paul Bordier became his own successor in Niger . The appointment was a prestigious rise for Ramadier, with Guinea considered a more important territory than Niger. The political situation in Guinea, where the formation of its own government as a result of the loi-cadre Defferre , was even more unstable than in Niger. The governor formally presided over the government, but Ramadier granted the elected deputy head of government Ahmed Sékou Touré great freedom in the exercise of office. Ramadier's interim successor, Governor Jean Mauberna - from January 29, 1958 - only stayed in office for around nine months, and Guinea became an independent state on October 2, 1958, as France's first former colony in Africa. Jean Ramadier became the High Commissioner of Cameroun on January 29, 1958. His predecessor in office was Pierre Messmer . The autonomous republic was on the verge of independence from France. Ramadier got into a conflict with local Prime Minister André-Marie Mbida over who should lead the country through the independence process: the High Commissioner or the Prime Minister. Mbida ultimately had to resign as Prime Minister, but succeeded in having Ramadier, after only 22 days in office, on February 19, 1958, recalled by the Paris government as High Commissioner of Cameroun.

Jean Ramadier spent the last years of his life in France, where he died at the age of 55 after a long illness.

Honors

literature

  • Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 14 .
  2. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 17-18 .
  3. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 22 .
  4. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 24-25 .
  5. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 29-30 .
  6. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 32 .
  7. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 43 .
  8. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 49 .
  9. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 57-58 .
  10. ↑ a b Niger. WorldStatesmen.org, accessed March 12, 2013 .
  11. ↑ Mamoudou Djibo: Les enjeux politiques dans la colonie du Niger (1944 to 1960) . In: Autrepart . No. 27 , 2003, p. 47 ( ird.fr [PDF; 507 kB ; accessed on March 12, 2013]).
  12. ↑ a b Guinea. WorldStatesmen.org, accessed March 12, 2013 .
  13. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 77 .
  14. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 80 .
  15. ↑ Jim Hudgens, Richard Trillo: The Rough Guide to West Africa . Rough Guides, London 2003, ISBN 1-84353-118-6 , pp. 545 .
  16. ↑ Cameroon. WorldStatesmen.org, accessed March 12, 2013 .
  17. ↑ Daniel Abwa: André-Marie Mbida, premier premier ministre camerounais: 1917-1980 . Rough Guides, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-7384-1593-8 , pp. 79-80 .
  18. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 13 .
  19. ^ Jacques Larrue, Jean-Marie Payen: Jean Ramadier. Governor de la décolonisation . Karthala, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84586-011-0 , pp. 31 .
personal data
SURNAME Ramadier, Jean
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ramadier, Jean Paul (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French colonial administrator
DATE OF BIRTH December 1, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH 19th February 1968
Place of death Montpellier