Jinghong

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Location of Jinghong (pink) in the Xishuangbanna (yellow) district in Yunnan
Street scene in Jinghong
Bank of the Mekong

Jinghong ( Chinese  景洪 市 , Pinyin Jǐnghóng shì ; Tai Lü : ᦋᦵᧂᦣᦳᧂᧈ , pronunciation: [ tsêŋ huŋ ]; Thai เชียง รุ่ง , RTGS Chiang Rung ) is the capital of the Dai Xishuangbanna Autonomous District in Yunnan Province , China . Jinghong lies on the banks of the Lancang Jiang , has an area of ​​7,133 km² and a population of 380,000 (as of the end of 2004).

history

According to the chronicles, the city was founded in 1180 by Payacheng (also Phaya Chueang or Pa Chēn; Chinese  叭 真 , Pinyin Bā Zhēn ) under the name Chiang Hung ("City of the Dawn") . In the centuries that followed, it was the capital of the Kingdom or Principality of the Tai Lü . This was also known as Heokam ("Kingdom of the Golden Hall"). It had its greatest expansion in the 13th century when it was dominated by the Tai principalities ( Müang ) of the upper Mekong region. Close cultural and political ties existed with the northern Thai kingdom of Lan Na . The mother of its founder Mangrai came from Chiang Hung.

In 1282 or 1290, Chiang Hung was conquered by the Mongols of the Yuan Dynasty . However, these were driven out again in 1292 with the support of Mangrai. From 1312 the principality was under the formal suzerainty of Yuan China, but retained extensive autonomy in internal affairs and its own culture, which was shaped by Theravada Buddhism. In the middle of the 14th century, Chiang Hung was subjugated by the Lao ruler Fa Ngum , who incorporated it into his mandala Lan Xang . In Chinese sources from the time of the Ming Dynasty , the city and the principality are called Chēlǐ ( Chinese  車里 ). From the beginning of the 15th century it was again considered a vassal of China. In 1562, Chiang Hung was captured by the troops of the Burmese ruler Bayinnaung . Until the 19th century, the area was under shared Burmese and Chinese rule. The Burmese called the city Keng Hung .

Under the Qing Dynasty , the Chinese built a fortress east of Chiang Hung in 1729, but it was abandoned six years later. The British captain William Couperus MacLeod (1805-1880) visited the city in 1837 as the presumably first European. At that time there were already districts with a Chinese population. With the British-Chinese border treaty of 1894, the British recognized that Chiang Hung (then called Kiang Hung ) belonged to China, on the condition that China could not cede the area to another nation without British consent.

Administrative structure

At the community level, Jinghong is composed of a street district, five large communities , three communities and two nationality communities. There are also four state farms, including a tea farm.

  • Road quarter Yunjinghong (允景洪街道);
  • Gasa municipality (嘎 洒 镇);
  • Greater community Menglong (勐龙镇);
  • Greater community Menghan (勐罕镇);
  • Greater community Mengyang (勐养镇);
  • Greater community Puwen (普文镇);
  • Jingna Township (景 讷 乡);
  • Community Dadugang (大渡岗乡);
  • Community Mengwang (勐旺乡);
  • Common Jingha of the Hani (景 哈 哈尼族 乡);
  • Community Jinuoshan the Jino (基诺山基诺族乡);
  • Jinghong State Farm (景洪 农场);
  • Mengyang State Farm (勐 养 农场);
  • Ganlanba State Farm (橄榄坝 农场);
  • Dadugang tea farm (大 渡 岗 茶场).

Ethnic breakdown of the population of Jinghong (2000)

In the 2000 census, Jinghong still had 443,672 residents.

Name of the people Residents proportion of
Han 167,078 37.66%
Dai 128,415 28.94%
Hani 71,492 16.11%
Yi 24,673 5.56%
Jino 19,250 4.34%
Lahu 11,780 2.66%
Blang 5,635 1.27%
Bai 3,929 0.89%
Yao 2,683 0.6%
Miao 2.161 0.49%
Hui 1,617 0.36%
ethnicity not yet defined 1,189 0.27%
Va 996 0.22%
Others 2,774 0.63%

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See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ratanaporn Sethakul: The Tai Chiang in the Upper Mekong River Basin. Their Origins and Historical Significance. In: Constance M. Wilson: The Middle Mekong River Basin. Studies in Tai history and culture. 2009, pp. 28–58, on p. 43.
  2. ↑ Ratanaporn Sethakul: The Tai Chiang in the Upper Mekong River Basin. Their Origins and Historical Significance. In: Constance M. Wilson: The Middle Mekong River Basin. Studies in Tai history and culture. 2009, pp. 28–58, on p. 40.
  3. ^ David K. Wyatt : Thailand. A short history. 2nd edition, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai 2004, p. 36.
  4. ^ C. Patterson Giersch: Asian Borderlands. The Transformation of Qing China's Yunnan Frontier. Harvard University Press, 2006, p. 33.
  5. ↑ John N. Miksic, Geok Yian Goh: Ancient Southeast Asia. Routledge, Abingdon (Oxon) / New York 2017, p. 456.
  6. ↑ John N. Miksic, Geok Yian Goh: Ancient Southeast Asia. Routledge, Abingdon (Oxon) / New York 2017, p. 458.
  7. ^ C. Patterson Giersch: Asian Borderlands. The Transformation of Qing China's Yunnan Frontier. Harvard University Press, 2006, pp. 34-35.
  8. ^ C. Patterson Giersch: Asian Borderlands. The Transformation of Qing China's Yunnan Frontier. Harvard University Press, 2006, p. 36.
  9. ^ C. Patterson Giersch: Asian Borderlands. The Transformation of Qing China's Yunnan Frontier. Harvard University Press, 2006, p. 151.
  10. ^ C. Patterson Giersch: Asian Borderlands. The Transformation of Qing China's Yunnan Frontier. Harvard University Press, 2006, pp. 138-140.
  11. ^ DGE Hall: A History of Southeast Asia. Macmillan Press, London / Basingstoke (Hants) 1981, p. 738.
  12. ↑ Christopher A. Ford: The Mind of Empire. China's History and Modern Foreign Relations. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington 2010, p. 160.

Coordinates: 22 ° 0 ′  N , 100 ° 48 ′  E