Johann Baptist Joseph Bastiné

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Bastinés self-portrait from 1812, Couven Museum in Aachen

Johann Baptist Joseph Bastiné (born May 13, 1783 in Leuven ; † January 14, 1844 in Aachen ) was a Flemish-German painter and founder of the Aachen drawing school (1811–1844).

Live and act

Johann Baptist Joseph Bastiné received his training at the Löwener Academy of Fine Arts in 1802/03 and from 1804 in Paris with Jacques Louis David . A few years later he moved to Aachen, where he founded his drawing school in 1811, which became a "small academy". In the same year he married Theresia van Vlasselaer. In his drawing school mainly portraits were drawn, as well as the so-called reference sheets and studies from the Parisian period as well as more recent ones, and finally sculptures that he modeled himself. His self-made replicas of ancient sculptures and his emphasis on studying nature led his drawing students to a high level. He also gave drawing lessons from 1814 to 1844 at the Kaiser-Karls-Gymnasium in Aachen . On the occasion of the monarchs' congress in 1818 he created the curtain painting for the repair of the old comedy house .

Bastiné first moved into a two-room apartment on the ground floor of the former theater on the Katschhof , right next to the hall used by the theater management to paint the decorations. In 1826 he had a house built at Theaterstrasse 16, which was personally approved by city architect Adam Franz Friedrich Leydel on July 13, 1826. Leydel described this house as a suitable apartment for an artist.

At the beginning of his time in Aachen, the history and landscape painters Johann Ferdinand Jansen and Aegidius Johann Peter Joseph Scheuren were also active in Aachen. Later, in 1843, the portrait painters Eduard Johann Nikolaus Istas, Johann Caspar Nepomuk Scheuren and Carl Schmid still existed . Bastiné himself gained a meritorious reputation as a history , portrait , landscape painter and modeler with his works in this environment . He counted Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow among his friends .

Bastiné's best-known students include Alfred Rethel , Heinrich Franz Carl Billotte , Louis Schleiden , Aloys Hubert Michael Venth , Friedrich Thomas as well as the history painter and sculptor Johann Peter Götting , who later became director of the Liège Art Academy August Adolf Chauvin, and the landscape painter Peter Ludwig Kühnen .

Johann Baptist Joseph Bastiné died at the age of 60 on January 14, 1844 in Aachen. The founder of the renowned Aachen drawing school and portraitist of well over 52 well-known works found his final resting place in a row grave in Aachen's Ostfriedhof .

Exhibitions

On November 4, 1833, Bastiné presented his work of art, the Jakob Richard Blees family from 1828, to His Royal Highness Friedrich Wilhelm IV. In the coronation hall of Aachen City Hall . In the late summer of 1837, Johann Baptist Joseph Bastiné took part in the four-week first Aachen painting exhibition of contemporary artists with his Genre picture No. 8 A boy with a cockchafer part. Two years later he also exhibited genre paintings for sale in Gürzenich, Cologne . You take a special look at its subject matter:

style

Portrait Lord Mayor of Guaita and Daughter , 1817
Portrait of Karl Heinrich von Görschen , around 1830

The museum director Felix Kuetgens felt in the portraits of Bastiné especially in that of the cloth manufacturer Ignaz van Houtem the Elder. Ä. from 1817 more related to Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres than to David. He described Bastiné's portrait of the mayor of Guaita and his daughter as the only “monumental double portrait in the Rhineland at that time ”. Bastiné portrayed the first mayor of Aachen from 1814–1820, Cornelius von Guaita, and his daughter Maria Catharina Josepha in 1817.

From 1818 onwards, Bastiné's style became more picturesque. Kuetgens suspected an English influence due to the monarchs' congress that took place in Aachen in 1818 . A studio was set up in the Aachen town hall for Sir Thomas Lawrence (1769–1830), the “courtly photo reporter” . The painting exhibitions there by the English artist Lawrence and George Dawe (1781–1829), who also traveled with them , offered not only Bastiné, but also the 17-year-old Billotte opportunities to study these portraits. As a result of these events, Bastiné observed Emperor Franz II / Franz I of Austria during the congress and his portrait of Emperor Franz I was then created . In Bastiné 's portrait of city ​​architect Leydel from the same year, Kuetgens also saw the influence of Lawrence.

From 1824 there was a change in style at Bastiné. Gradually, the classicist style gave way more and more to the realism of the Biedermeier period . Bastinés picture backgrounds were either neutral or they showed attributive landscapes. “The painting technique focuses more on the development of the individual and the small, is refined in terms of material characterization and receives a previously unknown degree of gloss and smoothness”. During this time, for example, Bastiné's portrait of the Aachen secret and upper government councilor Karl Heinrich von Görschen , which is hung in the so-called "Görschenzimmer" in Vaalsbroek Castle .

Bastiné's genre themes were found as individual representations and in his family portraits. He usually placed his models on a raised podium while he was standing or sitting on level ground in front of the easel, so that the model's eye looked down on him. He had got used to this trick, which he used frequently, in Paris.

From 1835 on, the former David pupil had finally designed his own style with the development from classicism to realism. Bastiné did not sign all of his paintings, instead he set appropriate attributes for the profession of those portrayed.

Works (selection)

Portrait Christian-Friedrich Deusner , 1821
Portrait of Wilhelm Zurhelle , around 1839
Portrait of Georg Wagner , around 1840
  • Return of Tobias , before 1811
His reminiscences of David and borrowings from Salvator Rosa are obvious. This single school work stands at the beginning of his traditional oeuvre, which shows tendencies of classicism , Biedermeier and realism .
  • Iganz van Houtem the Elder 1817
  • Emperor Franz II , 1818
  • City architect Leydel , 1818
  • Christian Friedrich Deussner , oil on canvas, 1821
Deußner (1756–1844) is a cloth manufacturer and president of Club Aachener Casino . The sitter is characterized by his Order of the Red Eagle.
  • Lord Mayor Cornelius von Guaita and daughter , 1817
  • Girl in white dress with a white rose . Oil on canvas, format 46 × 36.5 cm, 1826
  • Jakob Richard Blees family , 1828.
  • Le petit berger admonté , oil on canvas, dimensions 23.5 × 27 cm.
  • Portrait of an elderly lady in oil on canvas
  • Girl teaching a bird to sing On canvas 1'10 '' wide 1'4 ''.
  • The Little Wounded On Wood High 1'3 '' Wide 16 ''.
  • The Girl with the Apple On canvas high 1'2 '' wide 11 ''.
  • A boy with a cockchafer on wood 11 "high, 10" wide.
  • The engagement ring on canvas high 2'4 '' wide 1'11 ''.
  • The robber's wife burying the child On canvas wide 1'11 "high 1'7". "
  • Privy and Upper Government Councilor Karl Heinrich von Görschen , around 1830
  • Wilhelm Zurhelle , around 1839, cloth manufacturer, councilor and president of Club Aachener Casino
  • Georg Wagner , around 1840, cloth manufacturer and president of Club Aachener Casino
  • Brick factory , after 1840, drawing on cardboard.
When in 1839 the activities of his students in terms of portrait painting increased, Bastiné turned more to landscape painting. Landscape miniatures were created on wooden panels. After 1840 he took up the topic of industry with the brickworks on cardboard, which his pupil Rethel had artistically thematized and initiated in 1834 with his work portrait of the Harkort factory at Burg Wetter on the Ruhr .
  • Portrait of the Aachen citizen Joseph Beissel the Younger , 1842 Half-length portrait in front of a plain-colored olive-green background.
The sitter is dressed in a frock coat and vest. The rectangular shape of his monocle , the symbol of the upper middle class, is unusual . Bastiné's teacher is evident. However, he lacked the verve of David, as a comparison with David's late work Ramel de Nogaret 1820 shows. It's more picturesque according to the style of the times. The small wooden panel was created in 1842 as one of the last of his portraits. In the 21st century, the Beissel portrait is listed on the worldwide edition of art auctions.
In 1900, Alfons Fritz proved that Bastiné also designed the portico relief for the Aachen City Theater. Bastiné had made a large drawing based on a sketch by Karl Friedrich Schinkel .

literature

  • J. Fey: On the history of Aachen painters of the 19th century. In: From Aachen's prehistory. Announcements from the association for customers of the Aachen prehistory . Tenth year 1897, No. 4/8.
  • Felix Kuetgens : Bastiné Memorial Exhibition. April 10 to May 31, 1927. Victor and Mindel, Aachen 1927 (Kuetgens I.).
  • Felix Kuetgens: Johann Baptist Joseph Bastiné. in: Aachener Kunstblätter . Booklet XIV. La Ruelle , Aachen 1928 (Kuetgens II.).
  • Felix Kuetgens: Städtisches Suermondt-Museum Aachen, painting catalog. Aachen 1932 (Kuetgens III).
  • Felix Kuetgens: Johann Baptist Joseph Bastiné. The forgotten student of David and Alfred Rethel's first teacher . La Ruelle, Aachen, 1928.
  • J. Müller ao: Art exhibition in Aachen . in: Chr. Quix: Weekly newspaper for Aachen and the surrounding area. Ed. J. Schleiden jr. II year. Number 104-106. (26/28/30 September 1837) Buchdruckerei v. J. Schleiden jr., Aachen 1837.
  • Adam C. Oellers : 19th and 20th Century Paintings. in: Peter van den Brink (Ed.): Schattengalerie. The lost works of the painting collection , Hirmer, Munich 2008.
  • Uta Römer: Bastiné, Jean Baptist Joseph in: Günter Meißner (Ed.): General Artist Lexicon. The visual artist of all times and peoples. Saur, Munich / Leipzig 1995.

Web links

Commons : Johann Baptist Joseph Bastiné  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Saur.
  2. ↑ Kuetgens II, p. 72.
  3. ↑ ibid. P. 74.
  4. ↑ Alfons Fritz : On the building history of the Aachener Stadttheater , In: Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtsverein , 22. 1900. Kaatzer , Aachen, 1900, (Fritz ZAGV XXII), p. 29.
  5. ↑ Kuetgens II, pp. 72, 127.
  6. ↑ ibid. Note 12, p. 127. In 1818 Bastiné portrays city ​​architect Leydel . ibid. Fig. 57, pp. 75, 94. Location 2010: Couven Museum.
  7. ↑ ibid. P. 72.
  8. ↑ ibid. P. 79.
  9. ↑ Ingeborg Schild , Elisabeth Janssen: "The Aachener Ostfriedhof." Mayer, Aachen, 1991. p. 199. Two days later, Bastiné is buried “close to him” as the Aachen historian Christian Quix .
  10. ↑ Kuetgens 1928, Plate III, p. 77. Stadt-Aachener-Zeitung, Thursday, November 7th, 1833, No. 265. J. Lambertz II.
  11. ↑ ibid. P. 112ff., 114, note 15, p. 128, ill. P. 77; J. Müller et al. a .: "Art Exhibition in Aachen". in: Chr. Quix: "Wochenblatt für Aachen und Umgebung." Ed. J. Schleiden jr. II year. Number 104-106. (26/28/30 September 1837) Buchdruckerei v. J. Schleiden jr., Aachen. 1837.
  12. ↑ Kuetgens II. Pp. 80, 113f.
  13. ↑ Kuetgens II. Fig. 53, pp. 72, 91f.
  14. ↑ ibid. P. 93.
  15. ↑ http://www.aachen.de/de/kultur_freizeit/kultur/geschichte/obs/index.html Lord Mayor in Aachen.
  16. ↑ Peter Hermann Loosen: "From the old Aachen." Aquensia-Klette, Aachen, 1978³. P. 179.
  17. ↑ ibid. P. 83.
  18. ↑ Emperor Franz I. 1818. Kuetgens II. Fig. 58, pp. 76, 94.
  19. ↑ ibid. P. 85.
  20. ↑ ibid. P. 106.
  21. ↑ Kuetgens II, p. 99.
  22. ↑ ibid. P. 118f.
  23. ↑ Shadow gallery . P. 270ff. Before 1811. Oil on canvas, 135 × 185 cm. Inv. No. GK 24. Origin: Donation of community of heirs Franz Billotte, Aachen. Remaining unknown. ² “Young Tobias returns to his blind father. Legacy of the painter's daughter over. by billotte in Brussels. on this a written note from the gift giver and a newspaper from 1844 [Nekrolog?]. GK 24 (VK). Value: 300. ”Inventory 4. p. 217, no. 29. Archive Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum; http://www.schattengalerie.info/galerie/datenbank_tabellarisch/index_ger.html
  24. ↑ Files of the City of Aachen 7/4, vol. I. 278./ “Acts on monuments, monuments, art and painting collections. Conf 7/5. “City Archive, Aachen;
  25. ↑ ibid. P. 125.
  26. ↑ EG Grimme: “An industrial landscape by the young Alfred Rethel.” H 43.5 x W 47.5 cm. AKB. 1960/61, vol. 19/20. Pp. 129-131.
  27. ↑ http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=11087466
  28. ↑ http://www.askart.com/askart/d/jacqueslouis_david/jacqueslouis_david.aspx
  29. ↑ Alfons Fritz: "Johann Baptist Joseph Bastiné, the teacher of Alfred Rethel." In: AnnHvNdrh 12, 1918. S. 145. Derslb. in: "Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtsverein" XXII (1900), p. 84ff.
personal data
SURNAME Bastiné, Johann Baptist Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Flemish-German portrait and history painter
DATE OF BIRTH May 13, 1783
PLACE OF BIRTH Lions
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1844
Place of death Aachen