Johann Bolandt
Johann Bolandt (* 1562 ; † October 11, 1645 in Cologne ) was a merchant and politician in the Free Imperial City of Cologne.
Life
Merchant, banner owner and family
It is not known whether Johann Bolandt was born in Cologne, but he must have been a citizen of Cologne in order to become a member of a gaff . He had become a member of the Gaffel Schwarzenhaus, an association of Cologne merchants, and probably became their banner owner. Bolandt acted as a dealer in the international arms business and sent arms both from domestic production and from manufacturers in Solingen and Liège to the Iberian Peninsula . From there he obtained spices , and from England he received cloth .
From 1586 until 1607 Bolandt was councilor of the city. His first marriage to Elisabeth Mendez may have taken place in the early days of his councilor. She was the daughter of a Portuguese factor in Antwerp , who had found refuge with her mother in Cologne because of the political and religious conflicts there. Bolandt had three children with Elisabeth Mendez. Probably after Elisabeth's death in 1621, Bolandt married Susanna, the daughter of the Venetian merchant Balthasar Charles. In 1616, Johann von Bolandt and his first wife bought the badly dilapidated Kühlseggen Castle and its accessories from Adolf Sigismund Raitz von Frentz for 29,000 thalers.
Councilor and Mayor
Bolandt managed to achieve the highest office in the city in 15 elections between 1603/04 and 1645/46. The restoration of the council chapel also fell during Bolandt's early tenure. To finance the project, new fines were used, which were imposed on the heretics , for example . Such a fine in the amount of 1400 gold guilders was collected and used in 1608 for work on the council chapel of St. Mary in Jerusalem . A fine of 200 gold guilders, imposed in 1612, was used in 1614 to “beautify” a chapel . Instead of the old wooden shelter, it was now possible to build a gallery on marble pillars, which was executed in 1616 by master “Jakob Sieglar” for 300 Reichsaler . Further fines of this kind, which flowed to the rent chamber , made it possible to equip, raise and vault the chapel as well as other improvements.
When Mülheim was expanded into a fortress by Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg and Elector Johann Sigismund von Brandenburg in 1612 , Bolandt obtained a petition to Emperor Matthias , written by a majority in agreement with the council, to order the cessation of work and the demolition of existing facilities. Since the princes did not obey the order and the emperor himself did nothing, the city looked for allies, which it found in the Spanish Netherlands . In the autumn of 1614 the Spanish commander Spinola dispatched a force of 550 men to Mülheim, which destroyed all fortifications. The following year, when Johann Bolandt was again in office, he initiated further measures against Mülheim in the execution of a ruling by the Reichshofrat. He also had private buildings torn down in the up-and-coming town, which with practiced religious freedom and granted tax privileges also attracted many Protestant business people and thus competed with Cologne.
In his administration, Bolandt was seen as a political hardliner who sympathized with the Imperial Catholics , an alliance that Cologne had also joined. He influenced the council in 1624 to position themselves against France and to recruit mercenaries. Around the middle of the tenure of this devout Catholic mayor , which was also an epoch of extreme witch hunts in Cologne, the trial of Katharina Henot and her conviction and execution took place in 1627. In 1628, Bolandt became lord of Keulseck ( Kühlseggen Castle ) Emperor Ferdinand ennobled .
Under Bolandt's leadership, the council sent a delegation to the so-called Composition Day in Frankfurt in 1631 , at which the Cologne delegation vehemently opposed the repeal of the edict of restitution and pleaded for the sole validity of the Catholic denomination in the imperial city of Cologne .
Johann Bolandt died during his 15th term in office; his successor in office was Peter von Wolfskehl.
literature
- Herbert M. Schleicher. Councilor directory of Cologne at the time of the imperial city from 1396-1796 . Cologne 1982.
- Herbert M. Schleicher. Ernst von Oidtman and his genealogical-heraldic collection in the University Library in Cologne . Vol. 2. Folder 86-147 Betgenhausen-Brewer. Cologne 1992
- Werner Schäfke , Kölnischer Bildersaal: The paintings in the holdings of the Cologne City Museum including the Porz collection and the Cologne high school and foundation fund . Publisher: Cologne: Kölnisches Stadtmuseum (January 1, 2006), ISBN 392739694X
- Hans Vogts , Fritz Witte: The art monuments of the city of Cologne , on behalf of the provincial association of the Rhine province and the city of Cologne. Published by Paul Clemen , Vol. 7, Section IV: The profane monuments of the city of Cologne , Düsseldorf 1930. Verlag L. Schwann, Düsseldorf. Reprint Pedagogischer Verlag Schwann, 1980. ISBN 3-590-32102-4
- Carl Dietmar: Die Chronik Kölns , Chronik Verlag, Dortmund 1991, ISBN 3-611-00193-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schleicher 1982. p. 86 and 1992 p. 340
- ↑ a b c d Werner Schäfke, Kölnischer Bildersaal: The paintings in the holdings of the Cologne City Museum including the Porz Collection and the Cologne High School and Foundation Fund , p. 98
- ↑ Dr. Franz Schorn. Kühlseggen Castle awoke to new life. In. Heimatjahrbuch des Kreis Euskirchen 1965. pp. 131–143 (here p. 137).
- ^ Hans Vogts, Fritz Witte: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Köln , on behalf of the Provincial Association of the Rhine Province and the City of Cologne. Published by Paul Clemen , vol. 7, section IV: The profane monuments of the city of Cologne , section Town Hall / Council Chapel p. 264
- ^ Carl Dietmar, Die Chronik Kölns , p. 180
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bolandt, Johann |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Johann Bolandt zu Keulseck |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German businessman and politician of the early modern period |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1562 |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 11, 1645 |
| Place of death | Cologne |