Johann Christoph Röder

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Johann Christoph Röder (born March 29, 1729 in Zellerfeld , † June 21, 1813 in Goslar ) was a German mountain master .

Name spelling

The original spelling of his family name, which he himself used, was Roeder . During the period of French occupation and the King of Westphalia and the associated French administration of the Harz mines he used the umlaut-free notation R oe of, returned to withdrawal of the French but again R ö the back.

Life

Röder was born on March 29, 1729 in the mountain town of Zellerfeld as the son of Johann Rudolf Röder . Initially he was a mining official at the Zellerfeld Mining Authority, later he was responsible for the Grunder mines. In 1764 Röder received a position as jury member at the Goslar Mining Authority, where he made a career. As early as 1767 he became a senior jury, 1773 vice-bailiff and 1777 mountain bailiff . Four years later, Röder was appointed vice miner before he finally reached the highest level of his career as senior miner in 1797. In 1771 he received Goslar citizenship. Röder was married four times; Ten of his twelve children died early and one of the two surviving children died in 1810 at the age of thirty. Only his last wife and youngest daughter survived him.

In 1810 Röder retired; he died in Goslar in 1813.

Services

In 1765 Röder planned a water art for the Grunder mines . In addition there was a daytime artificial bike with 5 Lr. Diameter in the vicinity of the new oil mill provided, which should be exposed to the water already used by the upper grinding and the new oil mill. A total of 298 Lr led from the artificial bike. long field rods to the copper shaft (near the Iberg coffee house) of the later Prince Regent mine .

The Röderschen reforms 1797–1805

The main work of Röders consisted of the fundamental reorganization and modernization of the mine at Rammelsberg , the so-called "Röders reforms". Röder had been planning this work since the 1780s, and it was implemented from 1797.

initial situation

The Rammelsberg around 1784 with the shafts on the Maltermeister plateau, on the right the field rods coming from the Herzberger pond

The production of all Rammelsberg mines was around 12,000 tonnes a year before the Röders reforms. After his promotion to chief miner in 1797, Röder began to modernize the formerly independent mines, which were, however, under a common mining administration. In doing so, he wanted to reduce costs and increase production capacity.

Until 1797, the ores were conveyed through several day shafts to the level of the Maltermeister tower, and from there they were transported to the Oker hut in horse-drawn vehicles. The deepest water solution tunnel with about 22 Lr. The depth below the Rathstiefsten Stolln was the deep Julius-Fortunatus-Stolln . The mining was mainly carried out below the bottom of the tunnel. The predominant mining method was expansion construction , the mining method was setting fire . Widenings were repeatedly broken, these breaks were called kicks and caused great damage to the surface of the day. That was not quite as serious as the area above the old camp was undeveloped, but the shafts were repeatedly affected.

At the Herzberger Teich a sweeping wheel was set up above ground , which served as a hoisting machine for the new drive shaft , the Serenissimorum deepest shaft and the Kanekuhl drive shaft through a field linkage . This system was called Kanekuhler Treibkunst . The dewatering art consisted of three wheels, the upper, middle and lower Kunstrad successively the fall height between the upper stream and the Rathstiefsten Stolln exploited. They each drove a piece of art. The artifacts were hung in the old art shaft (or Bulgenschacht ) and the new art shaft .

Röder's plan

Block diagram
Oral hole of the Röder tunnel

Röder wanted to reorganize the dismantling as planned. This included converting the mining method to offset construction in order to avoid the convergence of the steps and thus to be able to win abandoned ore festivals. He also had new soles aligned, from which the old camp was systematically tackled. The most important of these levels was the daily conveyor line, which has its mouth hole in the area of ​​today's daytime systems - until then, all daytime systems were on the Maltermeister plateau, so Röder relocated the daytime systems into the valley in order to save the 80 m conveyor height. Röder designated the Kanekuhler Schacht as the new main production shaft, which from now on only had to lift the ore barrels up to the level of the daily production line, and the new Serenissimorum deepest driving and artificial shaft - a blind shaft that is at the level of the Upper Watercourse (today's Röderstolln ) was sunk to the 7th level. The Serenissimorum Tiefste Treibschacht (the day shaft ), which was no longer required for extraction, was still used for weather management and was now called the Serenissimorum Weather Shaft or German Weather Shaft . In later years the blind shaft was only called the Serenissimorum Deepest Shaft .

A large amount of backfill material was required to offset the widenings . In order to gain this, Röder had the communion quarry built above the Maltermeister plateau. The broken stones were a uphole Bremsberg the Maltermeister plateau and from there through the mountain ash Eight conveyed under the force of gravity into the pit.

The most extensive reform, however, was that of drainage. The height of fall up to the Julius-Fortunatus-tunnel was not available because the impact water was due to those living next to the breeding . Water that was taken from the Herzberger pond had to be returned to the breeding facility above these authorized users. As a result, Röder was unable to fully utilize the energetic potential between the Herzberger Teich and the Julius-Fortunatus-Stollen, but was forced to use the same low height of fall that had always narrowed the old water art. The three old artificial wheels could not be operated in parallel - the impact water, after it had driven the upper artificial wheel, could hit either the middle or the lower artificial wheel. In addition, the old wheel rooms had been laid out in the hanging wall of the old camp, which meant that they were constantly under high mountain pressure and had to be constantly rebuilt; after all, the lower wheel room was almost impossible to hold.

Rifle rods in the rope route

Röder this system replaced by only two art turbines with a higher overall performance, which he Radstuben well as the Radstuben of the two reverse gears for promotion Kanekuhler and Serenissimorum deepest shaft in the footwall was to create the camp. This ensured a long service life for these mine structures (up to the present day), even if the excavation costs were somewhat higher. The shafts themselves, however, led directly into the ore store and had a horizontal distance of about 60–80 meters from the wheel rooms. This distance was bridged with cable lines; only the two cable sheaves were located above the shaft itself . The rifle rods ran along the ropes, the guard himself stood on the hanging bench and from there protected the sweeping wheel on and off. The two artifacts of the artificial wheels were also hung in the deepest shaft of the Serenissimorum.

These far-reaching reforms lasted until 1905 when a new, electrically operated water drainage system was installed. The conveying capacity initially rose to around 15,000 tons per year. When in 1859 the long-awaited new warehouse was finally found with the prospecting site , the annual output rose to up to 60,000 t . Although the Kanekuhler Schacht had received a steam hoisting machine in 1875, this was initially only operated, due to the high costs, when there was not enough water for the turning wheels. Probably the steam extraction of the Kanekuhler Schacht gradually took over an increasing share of the extraction.

Honors

In Goslar, the short (only two houses) Roederstraße was named after him.

literature

  • Emil Kraume: A thousand years of Rammelsberg . Preussag, Goslar 1968.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f g h i j The Röderstollen. (PDF, 2.9MB) Preservation of monuments and guided tours for visitors in the period before the museum was founded. (No longer available online.) In: Annual edition 2010/2011 for the friends of the association. Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar / Harz eV, pp. 4–6 , archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; Retrieved October 29, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.foerderverein-rammelsberg.de
  2. ^ A b Hans-Georg Dettmer: On the 200th anniversary of the death of Oberbergmeister Roeder. June 21, 2013, accessed October 31, 2013 .
  3. a b Roederstrasse. (PDF, 690kB) In: Street directory of the city of Goslar. City of Goslar, May 24, 2012, accessed on October 31, 2013 (with Röders original drawing).
  4. Planning a water art installation on the Iberg in 1765. In: The last tram reports. Förderverein Bergbau- und Heimatmuseum Bad Grund eV, March 2008, accessed on October 31, 2013 .
  5. Stefan Dützer: On steel paths . Railways on the Rammelsberg. Ed .: World Heritage Rammelsberg. Goslarsche Zeitung, Goslar 2008, ISBN 978-3-9809704-5-7 , p. 17 .
  6. a b c Dr. Christoph Bartels: The Rammelsberg ore mine . Ed .: Preussag AG Metall. Preussag-AG Metall, Goslar 1988, p. 24-30 .
  7. At the new drive shaft. Rammelsberg World Heritage Foundation, accessed on November 10, 2013 .
  8. ^ Karl Kaufhold, Hans-Jürgen Gerhard: Structure and Dimension . Festschrift for Karl Heinrich Kaufhold on his 65th birthday. tape 1 . Franz Steiner, 1997 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  9. Wilfried Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz . 2nd Edition. Springer, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-540-62930-0 , pp. 111-125 .