Johann Clausen trolley

Jan Claesz Rolwaghen or Johann Clausen Rollwagen (* 1563 or 1564; † 1623 or 1624) was a Dutch dikemaster who was active in Eiderstedt between 1608 and 1616.

Life

Around 1590 Clausen lived as a broker in Amsterdam . Later he probably moved to Alkmaar in North Holland . In collaboration with the reformed pastor Caspar Coolhaes, Clausen wrote a pamphlet for religious freedom in 1601 , which led to a sharp literary dispute with the Dutch Calvinists . Around 1603/1604, Clausen dyed the Schoonorther Polder in East Frisia . A year later, further dike measures followed on the Dollart .

In 1609, Clausen was appointed dikgrave general in the Gottorf part of North Frisia by the Duke . The Duke assigned him the Tönninger Castle as his residence . Since Clausen had achieved “almost immortal fame” by (re) winning the Gotteskoog , he subsequently succeeded in enforcing some privileges for the Eiderstedt Mennonites.

In 1610, the Siversflether Koog on the north side of Eiderstedt was diked under Clausen's leadership. The Augustenkoog near Westerhever , the Freesenkoog near Koldenbüttel (both diked in 1611), the Harbleker Koog (1612), the Dreilandenkoog (1613) and the Süderfriedrichskoog near Tönning (1613) followed in the following years . In 1613 the Tönninger port was also completed. Clausen was also involved in the construction of the northern boat trip from Tönning to Tetenbüll and the southern boat trip from Garding to Katingsiel . There were tangible arguments with local workers, during which Rollwagen's servant, who had shot a worker, was lynched. Presumably the suspicion of the locals that the Dutch dyke construction specialist and octroy participant was targeting their land played together with the dissatisfaction with the working conditions. In addition, the dike, which was space-intensive due to its flat profile, was built on the foreland that the landowners had previously used as summer pasture. Even before the work in Tönning was completed in September 1613, Clausen moved back to Alkmaar. Jan Clausen Coott as vice-deceased took over the completion.

In 1616 the Duke Friedrich III commissioned him . with the repair of the dyke breaches that had caused the great flood of damage on Strand in 1615 . In 1618 Clausen was once again active as a dike builder for a Koog near Cuxhaven .

Dyke construction

Under Johann Clausen, dyke construction was commercialized. Clausen also made significant changes to the construction of the dikes. For example, he created a significantly flatter profile on the sea side of the dykes, so that the force of the waves could be better absorbed. It is a legend that Clausen owes his nickname “ Rollwagen” to the introduction of the wheelbarrow on the west coast of Schleswig, as he already bore this name on his first visit to the duchies in 1608.

Rollwagen was active in Cuxhaven in 1619, later in West Friesland.

family

Johann Clausen had three children. His son Claus Jansen Rollwagen (1588–1631) was taken into service by Duke Johann Adolf as a surveyor in 1610 and, in 1616, as his father's successor by Duke Friedrich III. appointed dichgrave general. The construction of a drainage ditch called the Rollwagenzug , which ran from the western Karrharde to the Wiedingharde through the Gotteskoog, was started in 1623 by him. His widow lived with their children at Freesmark Farm in Gotteskoog, where they perished in the Burchardi flood in 1634.

Historiography

It is thanks to Anton Heimreich's description in his North Frisian Chronicle that Johann Clausen Rollwagen was often mixed up or confused with the local Mennonite leader and dike builder Jan Clausen Coott / Kotte.

Fonts

• Corte bestraffingh op d'antwoort van een sorchvuldich helt, who stelt hem al te regireus inde wapens , 1602
• Tegenbericht der Apologia des edictz van Groninghen: which edict cortelijck is responsible for a schrivent of the Apologia: 'tgheene [...] door the teghenbericht [...] neitherleydt wordt.
• Tsamenspreeckinghe van drie persoonen, over het regireus placcaet van Groninghen, ghekondicht the 7th of September, oude stijl. Anno sesthien-hondert end een. Dutch. Embder. Ghereforme earth. Door welcke tsamensprekinge naecktelick verthoont wort, dat die van Groninghen doort selfde nieuwe conscientie-dwangh in voeren, tot onderdruckinge ende verdrijvinghe van vele vromen ... / [By Jan Claesz Rolwaghen et al.]
• Perfect delineation of the new potted land, so in the cordiality Ritzebuttel in the year 1618 Mediating God the almighty gracious hulffe is paved, big, but the Cuxhaven, excavated putti path and ring slot wide 10 feet by the new and old pond. ... / Everything measured according to geometrical observation and divided by Claus Jans Rollwagen and Jacob de Moll. Johan Dirck. sculpt. 1618

literature

• Eckardt Opitz : Johann Claussen Rollwagen in: Those are our treasure and wealth. 60 portraits from Schleswig-Holstein . Christians, Hamburg 1990, pp. 22-23 ISBN 3-7672-1115-7 .
• Dieter Lohmeier: Rollwagen-Claussen-Coott. Personal-historical notes on the history of the dyke system in North Friesland in the early 17th century. In: Nordfriesisches Jahrbuch Volume 16, 1980, pp. 75-90.

Web links

• JC Rollwagen on "March and Fjord"

Individual evidence

1. ↑ According to Petrus Petrejus: A foundation of the North Frisian and especially the Eiderstedtischen church history part 2.1 (Ed. By Albert Panten ); Nordfriisk Instituut 1996, p. 71. A confusion with Kotte has probably arisen here.
2. ↑ Husumer Nachrichten: 17th century: Eiderstedt in prosperity, once connected to world trade by boat trips
3. ↑ Marie Luisa Allemeyer: "No country without a dyke ..." worlds a coastal society in the early modern period . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-525-35879-2 . (Publications of the Max Planck Institute for History, Vol. 222); Pp. 151-153. 284
4. ↑ ^{a b} Gideon Stiening, Udo Thiel: Johann Nikolaus Tetens (1736-1807): Philosophy in the tradition of European empiricism . De Gruyter 2014, p. 381
5. ↑ History of Schleswig-Holstein: Wheelbarrow ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ Allemeyer: "No country without a dike ..." ; P. 149