Johann Hinrich Kardel

Johann Hinrich Kardel (born May 28, 1797 in Futterkamp ; † May 24, 1880 in Neumünster ) was a German teacher and seminar teacher.

Training and first apprenticeships

Johann Hinrich Kardel was a son of Casper Henning Kardel (* 1758, † March 29, 1841 in Futterkamp) and his wife Margaretha Hedwig, née Fahrenkrog (* 1763, † January 7, 1841). His father was Feldvogt at Gut Futterkamp. The maternal grandfather named Johann Fahrenkrog was a farmer in Blekendorf .

In addition to a visit to the school in the Blekendorf parish, Kardel received private lessons from the sexton and school owner Hans Ohlen at the request of his parents. He thus got education in subjects that were not dealt with in the village school. After confirmation, he gave private lessons to the youngest children of the tenant Heinrich Christian Valentiner at Futterkamp. Since he felt unsure about it, he attended the teachers' seminar in Kiel from 1815 . In 1817 the training was suspended due to internal problems in the seminar. In the meantime, Kardel worked for several months as a private tutor for the higher and regional court attorney Josias thor Straten at the Krusau copper mill near Flensburg .

In 1818 Kardel passed the exam in Kiel. Then he worked again as a private tutor for the tenant Johann Daniel Martens on Gut Kühren. Here he contacted teachers from Preetz and the surrounding area, with whom he discussed topics about school and teaching life in a "small teachers' conference". It was one of the first such meetings that took place in Schleswig-Holstein. In 1821 Kardel took over the district school of Gaarden , which enabled him to marry. However, since he earned little, he also had to give private lessons.

In 1822 Kardel received the post of typist and arithmetic master in the last two classes at the Neumünster boys' school . In addition, he took care of the further training of teachers in the parish. For the young people he also offered courses in practical arithmetic, German and the formulation of business briefs. When the rector Asmus Georg Detlefsen was unable to teach for some time due to illness, Kardel took over all of the school's teaching.

Kardel hoped in vain to be named Detlefsen's successor. Together with 31 other candidates, he therefore submitted his application for the position of sexton, organist and school teacher in Nienstedten in 1830 . It was one of the most lucrative jobs in Holstein . After he got the job, he reorganized the school. He sorted the students in subjects into performance groups and wanted in particular to improve the relationship between teachers and students. Hans Andreas Hansen, who taught at a district school in Altona and who missed solidarity among the teachers and who had not yet succeeded in bringing about a union of teachers, became his ally.

In 1834, Kardel and Hansen wrote a letter to all teachers in Altona and the surrounding area with the intention of creating a teachers' circle. This led to the establishment of the Pedagogical Association for Altona and the surrounding area in 1836. The association made the most important educational magazines available to the members and represented the interests of primary school teachers outside of Altona. During his time in Nienstedten, Kardel was considered a particularly active and committed member of the association. From 1828 to 1838 he wrote several school and exercise books, with the help of which young people could create all kinds of written documents.

Change to the Segeberg teacher training college

In March 1841 Kardel received a call as 3rd teacher at the Holstein teachers' college in Segeberg . He taught the methodology of elementary education, German, geometry and algebra. He also gave practice lessons in practical arithmetic and handwriting. Together with the compastor from Segeberg, he supervised two local seminar school classes. The seminarians were able to practice practical lessons here, especially in mixed-age classes, and to practice “two-way schooling”. Kardel wrote methodological notes for arithmetic and German lessons that appeared in the Schleswig-Holstein school journal , which is widely read by educators . In addition, he was critical of aspects of teacher training, school supervision, school organization and school discipline. He wanted to give practical advice on how to balance elementary school operations with real life.

Kardel considered a union of teachers to be absolutely necessary in order to create a teaching position that should be appropriately recognized as a bearer of popular education. From 1842 to 1847 he was therefore active as secretary of the Central Conference, which was the most important association of Holstein teachers. In 1848 a commission presented a draft for a general school law, which Kardel publicly criticized. He complained about the planned separate training of teachers for elementary and community schools and the relocation of parts of teacher training to universities. He felt it was more important to create smaller classes and to take action against excessive absenteeism.

From 1857 to 1863 Kardel was a member of a commission formed by the Ministry for the Duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg to revise the elementary school legislation for Holstein. He was committed to uniform training for all elementary school teachers. Representatives of the teachers should also be allowed to participate in the school inspection. Pastor Ernst Adolph Lilie called on the commission to create special state seminars at which autodidacts should be prepared for mutual teaching. Kardel disagreed and demanded that prospective teachers should be trained at the Segeberg seminar, for which an examination board must be created.

As he became increasingly hard of hearing, Kardel asked to be released in 1868. Since his experience in reorganizing the provincial school college for the now Prussian- ruled province of Schleswig-Holstein could not be dispensed with, his application was not approved until 1870. Kardel retired on October 1, 1870 and lived in Neumünster until his death in 1880.

Honors and appointments

The Central Conference of Schleswig-Holstein teachers made Kardel an honorary member in 1842, as did the Pedagogical Association in Altona in 1854. In 1870 he received the Order of the Red Eagle, 4th class.

In addition, Kardel received honorable appointments:

• In 1854 he received a call to the commission for the preparation of a teaching exhibition planned in London.
• In 1856 he was appointed honorary assessor of a three-person board of directors of the schoolteachers widow's fund for Holstein based in Segeberg.
• In 1858 the minister commissioned him, together with the Altona catechist L. Eggers, with whom he had been friends since his time in Nienstedten, to design the third edition of the Eckernförde reading tables for mutual teaching.
• The design of the celebration of his 25th anniversary of service and the number of participants proved that Kardel was a renowned and revered educator.

family

On April 25, 1821, Kardel married Catharina Margaretha Friederike Hahn in Lütjenburg (* March 7, 1796 in Futterkamp; † February 29, 1880 in Neumünster). She was the daughter of the Lütjenburg master shoemaker Claus Friedrich Hahn and a housekeeper at Gut Kühren near Preetz . The Kardel couple had two daughters and four sons.

literature

• Herbert Engling: Kardel, Johann Hinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 9 - 1991. ISBN 3-529-02649-2 , pages 173-175.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Herbert Engling: Kardel, Johann Hinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 9 - 1991. ISBN 3-529-02649-2 , page 173.
2. ^ Herbert Engling: Kardel, Johann Hinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 9 - 1991. ISBN 3-529-02649-2 , pages 173-174.
3. ↑ The “two-way school setup” meant that older, more advanced students taught the younger ones by the hour under the guidance of the teacher. It was an attempt to compensate for the lack of trained teachers in the village schools ( Brockhaus Bilder-Conversations-Lexikon , Volume 4. Leipzig 1841, p. 676 ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Herbert Engling: Kardel, Johann Hinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 9 - 1991. ISBN 3-529-02649-2 , page 174.
5. ^ Herbert Engling: Kardel, Johann Hinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 9 - 1991. ISBN 3-529-02649-2 , pages 174-175.
6. ↑ ^{a b} Herbert Engling: Kardel, Johann Hinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 9 - 1991. ISBN 3-529-02649-2 , page 175.