Johann Oser (chemist)

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Johann Oser, painting made posthumously in 1928 by Kasimir Pochwalski

Johann Nepomuk Oser (born April 8, 1833 in Grafenegg , Lower Austria , † November 1, 1912 in Vienna ) was an Austrian chemist and university professor . He was rector of the Vienna University of Technology .

Life

Oser was born on April 8, 1833 at 7 p.m. in “Grafenegg [House] No. 3” and was baptized “Joannes Nepomucenus” the next day in the parish church in Haitzendorf . His parents were Johann Oser (1799–1866), forester in the service of Count August Breuner-Enckevoirt , and Barbara geb. Edlinger (1805-1883). He attended the Mariabrunn Forest Academy from 1849 to 1851 . He then studied chemistry at the Imperial and Royal Polytechnic Institute until 1859 , at the University of Vienna in 1858/59 and 1860/61 , and also in Paris in 1859/60. 1862 graduated from the University of Graz as Dr. phil. In 1863 he qualified as a professor for organic chemistry at the University of Vienna.

From 1860 he worked as an assistant at the University of Vienna and at the Polytechnic Institute, including from 1863 to 1865 with Anton Schrötter von Kristelli . From 1867 he was professor of organic chemistry, soil science and forest chemical technology at the Mariabrunn Forest Academy, where he conducted research from 1872 to 1875 in a newly built research station. Edmund Mach was one of his assistants at the time .

In 1876 he was appointed associate professor at the Vienna University of Technology, from 1883 until his retirement in 1902 he was full professor for the chemical technology of inorganic substances. In the academic years 1882/83 to 1883/84 he was dean of the university's chemical college, and in the academic year 1886/87 he was elected rector of the Vienna University of Technology . During his rectorate, the main building in Paniglgasse was expanded and adaptations were made to House 8, Karlsgasse, and the first plans for the construction of an electrical engineering institute were made.

On behalf of the government, Johann Oser undertook study trips into wood distillation and the extraction of resin . In his scientific work he dealt, among other things, with gallic acid , the tannic acid of oak, the production of 1,2 propylene oxide and the use of Mond's nickel carbon monoxide for technical purposes.

Oser was appointed councilor . He died in 1912 at the age of 79 and was buried at the Bad Vöslau cemetery.

family

Johann Oser married Hermine Fanny Josephine Wittgenstein (born April 18, 1844 in Leipzig, † March 20, 1933 in Vienna) in 1872 , a daughter of the businessman Hermann Christian Wittgenstein . The family was close friends with Johannes Brahms and Clara Schumann . He also had four siblings:

  • Julie Freifrau von Baselli b. Oser (March 25, 1835 - October 2, 1873)
  • Betty Oser (actually Barbara, born March 23, 1837 Grafenegg; † January 18, 1922), who worked as a pianist and remained unmarried.
  • Emma Preiser born Oser (born July 29, 1843 - † May 14, 1931)
  • Ernst Oser, kk district commissioner (born October 23, 1845 Grafenegg; † September 25, 1902 Vienna), from 1874 married to Josefine Edle von Rosthorn, only daughter of the Viennese button manufacturer Gustav von Rosthorn.

Publications (selection)

  • 1866: Analysis of the water and the gases of the artesian well at the Vienna-Raaber train station , together with F. Reim and Ph. Welselsky, Sbb. Vienna, mathematical and natural science class I, volume 54, department 2
  • 1876: About the tannic acids of oak , Sbb.Vienna, mathematical and scientific class I, volume 72, department 2
  • 1879: The Condensation Products of Gallic Acid , Sbb. Vienna, Mathematical and Scientific Class I, Volume 79, Department 2
  • 1881: About a derivative of gallic acid , together with W. Kalmann, Sbb. Vienna, mathematical and natural science class, volume 83, department 2

literature

  • Felix Czeike (Ed.): Oser, Johann. In:  Historisches Lexikon Wien . Volume 4, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-218-00546-9 , p. 464 ( digitized version ).
  • W. Oberhummer:  Oser, Johann (1833–1912), chemist. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 7, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 257 f. (Direct links on p. 257 , p. 258 ).
  • Juliane Mikoletzky, Sabine Plakolm-Forsthuber (editor): A Collection of Extraordinary Completeness / A Collection of Unusual Completeness: Die Rektorengalerie der Technische Universität Wien / The Gallery of Rectors of the TU Wien . Festschrift 200 years Technical University of Vienna, Volume 13, Vienna, Böhlau-Verlag 2015, ISBN 978-3-205-20113-7 , page 67 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  • Hermann Nohl, Bertha Nohl and their parents Johann and Josephine Oser. Memories for their children , Vienna 1939
  • Peter Clive, Brahms and His World: A Biographical Dictionary , 2006, pp. 505f.
  • Alexander Waugh, The House of Wittgenstein: A Family at War , London 2008
  • Hermine Wittgenstein, family memories , ed. by Ilse Somavilla, Innsbruck-Vienna: Haymon-Verlag 2015

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Baptismal register Haitzendorf VI, p. 198f.
  2. ^ My History

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Oser, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oser, Johann Nepomuk
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian chemist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH April 8, 1833
PLACE OF BIRTH Grafenegg , Lower Austria
DATE OF DEATH November 1, 1912
Place of death Vienna