Johann Philipp von Stadion

Johann Philipp von Stadion

Johann Philipp von Stadion as a knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece

Johann Philipp Karl Joseph Graf von Stadion (-Warthausen) (born June 18, 1763 in Warthausen ; † May 15, 1824 in Baden near Vienna , buried in Klenčí in Bohemia ) from the von Stadion family , was an Austrian statesman, diplomat , Foreign and Finance Ministers.

origin

Philipp von Stadion was the son of the Electoral Mainz court councilor Johann Franz Konrad von Stadion zu Warthausen and Thannhausen (1736–1787) and Maria Ludovica born. Sable from Giebelstadt (1740–1803).

Stadium's older brother Friedrich Lothar von Stadion (1761–1811) was cathedral chapter in Mainz and Würzburg. As the Austrian envoy in Munich from 1807 to 1809, he was temporarily guardian of the not yet adult but orphaned Louise von Sturmfeder , later lady- in- waiting in Vienna and educator of the later Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I and his brothers. As a clergyman, Friedrich Lothar had renounced his birthright. This passed to Philipp Graf von Stadion.

Philipp von Stadion's wife Maria Anna Countess von Stadion-Thannhausen (1774–1841) was the daughter of Joseph Johann Nepomuk Georg von Stadion (born May 2, 1749 in Mainz, † September 17, 1814). He was electoral Mainz privy councilor and chief silver treasurer as well as Erbtruchseß of the bishopric of Augsburg and from 1773 married to Sophie Isabella Freiin von Wamboldt von Umstadt (1757–1843).

From the marriage of Johann Philipp Karl Joseph and Maria Anna von Stadion there were eight children, including Eduard Graf von Stadion (1797–1844) and Franz Seraph Graf von Stadion (1806–1853).

Career

Count von Stadion received the patent from Emperor Franz I of Austria to found the Austrian National Bank in Vienna . Bronze medal for the 100th anniversary on June 1, 1916 by Stefan Schwartz , obverse.

After studying at the University of Göttingen , he went with his brother and their tutor and court master Joseph Hieronymus Karl Kolborn , with whom he had a lifelong relationship of trust, on the then common educational tour of the Grand Tour .

Stadion became lord of Fideikommiß Kauth and the other possessions in West Bohemia , comes palatinus, Kk privy councilor and chamberlain, then envoy in Stockholm (1787–1790) and in London (1790–1793), where he was instrumental in opposing England's entry into the coalition wars revolutionary France contributed. In 1793 he resigned from the diplomatic service under protest when Emperor Franz II wanted to cede Poland to Prussia and exchange the Austrian Netherlands for Bavaria.

In 1800 he took up his service as ambassador in Berlin and from 1803 in St. Petersburg again. In the latter position he persuaded the Tsar of Russia to enter the Third Coalition War . In 1805, Graf Stadion was appointed Austrian Foreign Minister, but mainly dealt with the internal reforms of the school system and administration as well as with economic development and the establishment of a popular arming system that was to be used against Napoleonic France. Stadium advised Emperor Francis II. In 1803 the old Empire dissolve , in the later disappointed hope, as the Confederation of the Rhine to prevent. On August 6, 1806, Stadion proclaimed the declaration of Emperor Franz II on the laying down of the imperial crown and thus dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. He was a supporter of the Austrian uprising of 1809, which collapsed when Prussia did not take part, as Stadion had hoped. In the wake of the Austrian defeat , he was replaced as Foreign Minister by Metternich . On September 13, 1813, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. the Order of the Black Eagle . From 1815 Graf Stadion was Minister of Finance. As part of his reorganization of the tax system, he founded the Oesterreichische Nationalbank in 1816 . In terms of foreign policy, he was in conflict with Emperor Franz II and Foreign Minister Metternich, as he favored a differently organized German confederation under Austrian leadership.

From 1815 until his death was one of the stadium - he also Count of Warthausen was - as Standesherr the Württembergischen estate assemblies on.

Honors

Stadiongasse in the 1st district of Vienna

• In 1874, Stadiongasse in Vienna's 1st district, Innere Stadt, was named after von Stadion.
• The Hotel Graf Stadion at Buchfeldgasse No. 5 in Vienna's 8th district, Josefstadt, has been named after him since 1897 .

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Stadium-Warthausen, Johann Philipp Karl Graf . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 37th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1878, pp. 37–43 ( digitized version ).
• Franz von Krones :  Stadium, Johann Philipp Karl Graf v. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 371-375.
• Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families . Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2 , p. 305 (sequence of stadiums, with numerous other references in German and Czech).
• Friedrich Gottas: Stadion, Johann Philipp Graf , in: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Vol. 4. Munich 1981, pp. 160-161.
• Frank Raberg : Biographical handbook of the Württemberg state parliament members 1815-1933 . On behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-17-016604-2 , p. 883 .
• S. Lippert:  Stadion-Warthausen Johann Philipp Karl Gf. from. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 13, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2007–2010, ISBN 978-3-7001-6963-5 , p. 69 f. (Direct links on p. 69 , p. 70 ).

Web links

Commons : Johann Philipp von Stadion  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Count Johann Franz Konrad von Stadion zu Warthausen and Thannhausen
2. ↑ Maria Johanna Ludowika Esther von Giebelstadt ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ List of the Royal Prussian High Order of the Black Eagle, page 17, Decker, 1851

predecessor	Office	successor
Johann von Mercier (Gt)	Austrian envoy in Stockholm 1787–1789	Carl Wilhelm von Ludolf
Karl von Reviczky	Austrian envoy to London 1790–1793	Ludwig von Starhemberg
Josef von Hudelist (Gt)	Austrian envoy in Berlin 1801–1803	Franz Binder of Kriglstein (Gt)
Josef von Hudelist (Gt)	Austrian ambassador to Saint Petersburg 1803–1805	Teodoro Sanchez d'Aguilar (Gt)
Philipp von Cobenzl	Austrian Foreign Minister 1805–1809	Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich