Johannes Cellarius

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Johannes Cellarius on a contemporary engraving

Johannes Cellarius (* 1496 in Burgkunstadt , Franconia ; † April 21, 1542 in Dresden ) was a German Lutheran theologian and first Protestant pastor of Dresden. Born as Johann Kellner , Cellarius occasionally called himself Johannes Cellarius Gnostopolitanus after his place of birth .

Life

Cellarius was born as the son of a saddler in Burgkunstadt. He studied in Heidelberg and Leuven , among other places, and completed his master's degree. He was a student of Johannes Reuchlin , with whom he was in correspondence and whom he also visited in 1518 together with a fellow student (Christoph Hack). In 1518 Cellarius published a grammar of Hebrew, Isagogicon in hebraeas literas . Before 1519 he was already teaching Erasmus Alberus in Hebrew.

He worked as a professor in Mainz and Tübingen in 1518 and in Heidelberg in 1518 and 1519. In May 1519, the University of Wittenberg tried unsuccessfully to hire Cellarius (long-term) as a lecturer in Hebrew languages. Instead he went to Leipzig , where he worked as a professor of the Hebrew language ("professor orientalium linguarum publicus") until 1521. Cellarius also met Martin Luther in Leipzig in 1519 : in 1519 he wrote a letter to Wolfgang Capito in which he reported on the Leipzig disputation between Johann Eck , Martin Luther and Karlstadt , which he attended. The letter was published in the same year by Landsberg, Leipzig, and was also included in Johann Eck's Expurgatio… adversus criminationes F. Martini Lutter , which was published in 1519 by Grimm & Wirsung in Augsburg. In 1519, before Cellarius was called to the University of Leipzig, Luther campaigned for Cellarius in a letter to Georg Spalatin and thus obtained a one-off payment for the young preacher from Duke Georg .

After his time in Leipzig, Cellarius taught as a professor for oriental languages ​​in Wittenberg. In Frankfurt am Main he worked as a pastor at the Katharinenkirche from September 14, 1529 . At the behest of the city council, he drafted the first Protestant "order of public worship and an evening meal form", which was changed several times and finally signed in 1530 by the city's clergy ( Dionysius Melander , Johann Bernhard , Petrus Combergk). The city council also approved the new church order in Frankfurt, but insisted that the Lord's Supper be held "with some adornment and discipline". Cellarius then came into conflict with his colleagues in office, as Luther's student had different ideas about church customs and the Lord's Supper. He was defeated in the conflict and was replaced by a Zwinglian in 1532 . Possibly made aware of this by Cellarius, Martin Luther subsequently denounced the council and community of Frankfurt in a public warning because of their “compulsory” worship service. Erasmus Alberus, in turn, noted in his work Against the Cursed Lere of the Carlstaders and all the most dignified Heubter of the Sacraments ... that Cellarius "was expelled from Franckfurt am Meyn by the Sacraments".

Cellarius first went to Wittenberg in 1532 and in the same year worked as a preacher at St. Petri in Bautzen . Here he taught the evangelical faith. He also married the daughter of a certain Peter Happen; the marriage had several children, including the future pastor in glassworks Johann Kellner. He returned to Frankfurt am Main for a year in 1538. He then went to Dresden, where he was appointed superintendent of the Kreuzkirche on June 27, 1539 by the Dresden City Council on the mediation of Martin Luther . The inauguration was carried out by the ducal court preacher Paul Lindenau . Cellarius was the first Lutheran pastor in Dresden. Melanchthon had previously acted Cellarius in his report [...] on some preachers in the lands of Duke Heinrich of Saxony as a candidate for the pastor's position in Chemnitz, because "these instead of [...] one sensible pastor [bedorff]."

Cellarius held the first complete Protestant service on July 6, 1539 in the Kreuzkirche, which was inaugurated as the main Protestant church in the city. The Protestant mass was held in German and the Lord's Supper was given in both forms for the first time in Dresden. Among others, Elector Johann Friedrich and Duke Heinrich were present . The day is considered the official start of the Reformation in the Duchy of Saxony, as Cellarius replaced preacher Dr. Peter Eyssenberg (also Eisenberg), who could not or did not want to keep the Lord's Supper according to the evangelical rite and therefore resigned from his office. The first Protestant sermons had previously been given in Dresden on April 23, 1539 by Paul Lindenau.

Cellarius worked in Dresden until his death in April 1542. Duke Moritz was told of Cellarius' death at dinner with Philip of Hesse : “Duke Moritz was deeply saddened by this, so that his FG [Princely Grace] did not want to eat over the table ". Cellarius was buried in the Frauenkirche . In the choir of the church there was a wooden epitaph for Cellarius, showing the dead man kneeling; the tablet also contained a depiction of Jesus conquering death and hell.

Works

  • 1518: Isagogicon Ioannis Cellarii Gnostopolitae, in Hebraeas literas: omnibus hebraicarum literarum candidatis non minus utile que necessarium (Anshelm, Hagenau)
  • 1519: Ad Wolphangum Fabritium Capitonem Theologie Doctorem et Concionatorem Basiliensem, Ioannis Cellarii Gnostopolitani Lipsie Hebraice lingue professoris, de vera et constanti serie theologice disputationis Lipsiace episcola (Lansberg, Leipzig)
  • 1519: Elogium famosissimi viri Neminis Montani: Terre filii, Noctis et Cocyti fratris, publici Vittenberge iuvenum eruscatoris, ac utriusque lingue inscientissimi (Wolfgangus Monacensis, Leipzig)
  • 1520: Judicium De Martino Luthero (Lotter, Leipzig)

literature

  • Dresden's first shepherd. Magister Johann Kellner's life and work . In: Franz Blanckmeister: Pastor pictures from old Dresden . Association for History Dresden, Dresden 1917, pp. 8–13.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See letter from Reuchlin to Mutianus Rufus, from June 22, 1518. Georg Burkard (Ed.): Johannes Reuchlin. Correspondence 4 . Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart / Bad Cannstatt 2011, p. 77f.
  2. ↑ According to the cave, Cellarius was a baptized Jew, but information on Cellarius' life does not match information in contemporary literature, so it is possible that the names are identical. Sh. Michael Höhle: University and Reformation: The University of Frankfurt (Oder) from 1506 to 1550 . Böhlau, Cologne 2002, p. 96, FN 585.
  3. ↑ Guido Kisch : Erasmus' position on Jews and Judaism . Mohr, Tübingen 1969, p. 25.
  4. ↑ Michael Höhle: University and Reformation: The University of Frankfurt (Oder) from 1506 to 1550 . Böhlau, Cologne 2002, p. 96.
  5. ↑ Dresden's first shepherd. Magister Johann Kellner's life and work . In: Franz Blanckmeister: Pastor pictures from old Dresden . Association for History Dresden, Dresden 1917, p. 9.
  6. ^ A b Karl Christian Becker: Contributions to the church history of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation in Frankfurt am Main, with special reference to liturgy . Zimmer's assortment bookstore, Frankfurt am Main 1852, p. 5.
  7. ↑ Erasmus Alber: Against the cursed Lere of the Carlstader / and all the noblest Heubter of the Sacramentus / Rottengeister / Widerteuffer / Sacramentlesterer / Eheschender / Musica verechter / Bildstürmer / Holiday enemies / and devastating all good order . Newen, Brandenburg [1556], no p.
  8. ↑ a b Dresden's first shepherd. Magister Johann Kellner's life and work . In: Franz Blanckmeister: Pastor pictures from old Dresden . Association for History Dresden, Dresden 1917, p. 11.
  9. ↑ Hannes Fricke: "Nobody will read what I write here". About the nobody in literature . Wallstein, Göttingen 1998, p. 98.
  10. ^ Letter No. 4, 1539. In: Thirteen letters and concerns of Melanchthons . In: Dr. K. Ed. Förstemann (ed.): New communications from the field of historical-antiquarian research . 1st volume. Ed. Anton, Halle 1834, p. 48.
  11. ↑ Cf. Martin Bernhard Lindau: History of the capital and residence city of Dresden, from the earliest to the present time . Rudolf Kuntze, Dresden 1859, Volume 1. pp. 457f .; Anton Weck : The Chur-Princely Saxon resident and main vestibule Dresden… . Hoffmanns, Nuremberg 1680, p. 308f.
  12. ↑ Enno Bünz, Christoph Volkmar: The Albertine dukes (1485-1547) . In: Frank-Lothar Kroll (ed.): The rulers of Saxony: margraves, electors, kings. 1089-1918 . Beck, Munich 2005, p. 87 .; "With the appointment of Johannes Cellarius as superintendent in Dresden on July 6, 1539, the Reformation officially began in the Duchy of Saxony." Cf. Enno Bünz: The Reformation in Meißen. On the connection between the city and princely reformation in the Duchy of Saxony . In: Joachim Bahlcke , Karen Lambrecht, Hans-Christian Maner (eds.): Confessional plurality as a challenge. Coexistence and Conflict in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times . Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 278.
  13. ↑ Gottlob Eduard Leo: History of the Reformation in Dresden and Leipzig . [[Carl Cnobloch (publisher) |]], Leipzig 1839, p. 74.
  14. ↑ Daniel Greser . In: Friedrich Bülau (Ed.): Secret stories and enigmatic people. Collection of hidden or forgotten oddities . 7th volume. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1856, p. 391.
  15. ^ Johann Gottfried Michaelis : Dreßdnische Inscriptiones und Epitaphia. Which monuments of those who rest in God are buried here in and outside of the Church to Our Lady… . Schwenke, Alt-Dresden 1714, p 75 ( Digitalisat SLUB Dresden).
  16. ^ Reprinted in English in Erika Rummel (arr.): The Correspondence of Wolfgang Capito. Vol. 1: 1507-1523 . University of Toronto Press, Toronto et al. 2005, pp. 50-51.
personal data
SURNAME Cellarius, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kellner, Johann (maiden name); Cellarius Gnostopolitanus, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Lutheran theologian
DATE OF BIRTH 1496
PLACE OF BIRTH Burgkunstadt
DATE OF DEATH April 21, 1542
Place of death Dresden