Johannes Frauenburg

Johannes Frauenburg (* around 1430 in Frauenburg , East Prussia ; † February 5, 1495 in Görlitz , Upper Lusatia ) was a schoolmaster , town clerk , councilor , judge , mayor of Görlitz and humanist .

Life

From 1451 to 1462 he studied at Leipzig University under the rectorate of Andreas Rudiger (Rüdiger) from Görlitz, where he met the son of the then Mayor of Görlitz, Urban Emmerich , who later became mayor Georg Emmerich . Through their influence he came to Görlitz in 1462 , after obtaining his master's degree in artibus in 1458, and took up his first office as rector of a school here.

The role of a town clerk

Only the position of town clerk was a paid position at that time. The mayor was only elected for one year and held this office without pay. As the chief city clerk in charge, Frauenburg took part in every council meeting, had a right and a voice and carried out important negotiations on behalf of the council inside and outside the city. As early as 1463 he married Barbara Canitz, who came from a respected family. Three sons are known by name from this marriage. Frombork inherited property on the Brüdergasse through his wife and in 1465 took over the position of town clerk, then that of upper town clerk. In 1466 the Pope banned the Bohemian King Georg Podjebrad from church. This was to become important for the city of Görlitz and especially for Johannes Frauenburg, who had meanwhile risen to become chief town clerk. The Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus stood for election and was crowned king in Olomouc on May 3, 1469 . The influence of the Hungarian king exerted on the city from this point in time is also illustrated by the coat of arms of Matthias Corvinus on the thick tower, which can still be seen there today. Already in 1467 Görlitz had switched to the Hungarian camp, as the influence of Hungary culturally as well as politically and economically became stronger and stronger. This created two camps in the city that fought hard. The climax of this struggle was reached at Easter 1467 with the "powder conspiracy". During this time, tough negotiations also had to be carried out with the other member cities of the Six Cities, which were not all on the side of the Hungarian king. The negotiations were conducted by Johannes Frauenburg. With the death of his father-in-law Andreas Canitz in April 1469, Frauenburg inherited a considerable fortune. The Bierhof at Brüderstraße 11 in Görlitz also belonged to this. On June 7, 1469, he was a member of a city council that traveled to Breslau to take the oath before the new king from Hungary. This was not a formal matter, rather tough negotiations preceded "... that the cities only needed to recognize the new lord as the Bohemian king and also received the assurance that Upper Lusatia should never be separated from the Kingdom of Bohemia." In 1469 he was elected councilor, four years later, in 1473, for the scoop. He held the office of Mayor of Görlitz twice in 1474 and 1478. In his first mayor function in 1474, Frauenburg was in charge of a delegation that planned to prepare for the intended visit of the Hungarian and Bohemian king on January 13, 1475. Frauenburg sensed from the experiences of other cities that this visit to the city announced by M. Corvinus was not good news. With political skill, including Bishop Gabriel von Weißenberg, Corvinus's visit was thwarted. This averted the threatening financial burdens for the city from this visit. Frauenburg often thwarted the king's plans.

Meaning of Frauenburgs

In his instruction for the Mayor of Görlitz from 1476 it says: “... a city regent should rather give up his life than even sacrifice some of the privileges and rights of the city entrusted to him.” You can see that the handover of this document in Spring 1990 rightly happened. Another text on the importance of Frauenburg says: "In small ways, in word and deed, in disposition and education, he resembles the great Hungarian king Matthias, with whom he so often - and not without success - crossed the blade." Johannes Frauenburg's last The resting place is in the Barbara chapel of the Trinity Church. The tombstone that still exists today is one of the most valuable cultural monuments in Görlitz. At the beginning of the 20th century, a street in the southern part of Görlitz was named after him.

Effect on the city's history

In addition to urban development measures, the house inscriptions he has attached are documented. Frauenburg is also credited with affixing the city coat of arms, awarded by Emperor Sigismund in 1433, to the Frauentor. It is also thanks to Frauenburg that Görlitz retained its rights as a free imperial city during this period.

Frauenburg died in Görlitz in 1495 and was buried in the Dreifaltigkeitskirche .

"Mayor's Mirror"

The “Mayor's Mirror” written by him in the tradition of Bartholomäus Scultetus has kept Johannes Frauenburg known to this day. The first mayor after the collapse of the GDR was presented with the "Instructions for the Görlitz Mayor from 1476" when he was appointed Lord Mayor of the city in the spring of 1990 together with the council chain. It was certainly not just symbolic.

A secret diary (Secretum) copied by Scultetus between 1587 and 1590 has been preserved , the original of which has probably been lost. Critical to the edition are excerpts ("Ex manuscripto lib. M. Johannis Frawenburg"), although it is not clear whether all entries are from Frauenburg.

His motto was: S (weig) M (eide) L (eide).

Today's reception

Although extensive archival material can be found, Frauenburg's life has not yet been fully processed, but his role as head of the law firm is now one of the areas of interest from the historical and sociological subject of the medieval elite and medieval city history .

Fonts

• Wi a mayor to his regiment and to his person and do halden sal.
  • The mayor's mirror from 1476. In transfer. Edited and provided with an introduction by Johannes Weidemann . Rather, Munich 1936. (Also contains four facsimiles).

• The diary of the Görlitz town clerk Johannes Frawenburg 1470–1480. Based on the copy and with notes by Bartholomäus Sculteus. Ed. Pastor Sauppe . In: New Lusatian Magazine. Goerlitz. Vol. 65 (1889), pp. 151-189. ( Digital copy of the SLUB Dresden )

literature

• Volker Honemann : Law firm, town and culture in the life and work of Johann Frauenburg von Görlitz († 1495). In: Volker Honemann, Rudolf Suntrup (ed.): Literature landscapes . Writings on German-language literature in the east of the empire. Lang, Frankfurt, M. et al. 2008, ISBN 978-3-631-57078-4 , pp. 247-271. ( Medieval to early modern culture. Vol. 11). ( Limited preview in Google Book Search ). In the past also in: City, law firm and culture in transition to the early modern era. Frankfurt / Main 2004, ISBN 3-631-39721-6 , pp. 47-70.
• Otto Jancke : M. Frauenburg. In: New Lusatian Magazine . Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences , Görlitz. 19, 1841, pp. 174-183 ( digitized in the SLUB Dresden ).
• Otto Jancke: Sculteti Registrum Consulum Gorlicensium. In: New Lusatian Magazine. Goerlitz. Volume 45, 1869, pp. 301-309. ( Digitized in the SLUB Dresden ).
• Otto Jancke: The Raths order in Görlitz from 1489, as it was entered by Bartholomeus Scultetus in his Registro Consulum, ex manu propria Frawenburgii. Continuation and conclusion. In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin 48, 1871, pp. 222–246 ( digitized in the SLUB Dresden )
• Richard Jecht : Sources on the history of the city of Görlitz until 1600. Görlitz 1909, pp. 121–122.
• Article in VL1: Richard Jecht: Frauenburg, Johannes. In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon. Volume I, 1933, pp. 640-643.
• Article in VL2: Hubert Herkommer: Frauenburg, Johannes. In: Author's Lexicon - The German Literature of the Middle Ages . Volume 2, 1980, pp. 861-862.
• Roland Otto: 500th anniversary of the death of Johannes Frauenburg. In: Görlitz-Mosaik , February 1995, pp. 54–56.
• Christian Speer: Frauenburg, Johannes. In: Graeme Dunphy: Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle , Vol. 1, Leiden / Boston 2010, Col. 720f.
• Inge and Lothar Küken: “They worked in Silesia - personalities of European standing on the medieval cultural routes 'via regia' and 'Niedere Straße'”, Senfkorn Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-935330-15-4 .

Web links

• Literature by and about Johannes Frauenburg in the catalog of the German National Library
• Christian Speer: Johann Frauenburg (around 1430-1495) . In: Institute for Saxon History and Folklore (Ed.): Saxon Biography .

Individual evidence

1. ^ The register of the University of Leipzig. Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae, CdS, II 16, Leipzig 1895, p. 175
2. ^ The register of the University of Leipzig. Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae, CdS, II 17, Leipzig 1895, p. 173
3. ^ City of Görlitz, Chronicle.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ Short biography on altstadt-goerlitz.de ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed May 26, 2012. 
5. ^ Secretarium. In: Repertory of historical sources of the German Middle Ages.
6. ↑ Otto Jancke: Sculteti Registrum Consulum Gorlicensium. In: New Lusatian Magazine. Goerlitz. Volume 45, 1869, pp. 302, 304. ( Digital copy from SLUB Dresden ).
7. ↑ Heike Bierschwale, Jacqueline van Leeuwen: How to rule a city. German and Dutch city regimental doctrines in the Middle Ages. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-631-54312-3 , pp. 33-34. (= Medieval to early modern culture. Vol. 8)
8. ↑ Instructions on how the mayor is to keep his office. In: Repertorium Geschichtsquellen des Deutschen Mittelalteres. (Digital copy of the SLUB Dresden)