Johannes Reinke

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Johannes Reinke (born February 3, 1849 in Ziethen , † February 25, 1931 in Preetz ) was a German botanist and vitalist philosopher . At the Christian-Albrechts-Universität he was professor for botany . His botanical author's abbreviation is " Reinke ".

Johannes Reinke (left) with younger brother Friedrich Reinke (right)

Life

Johannes Reinke was one of ten children of the Lutheran pastor Theodor (Friedrich Julius) Reinke (1817–1887) and his wife (Henriette Karoline Gottfriede Juliane) Elisabeth, geb. Kaempffer (1821-1880). The anatomist Friedrich Reinke was his brother.

Reinke first studied Protestant theology at the University of Rostock , but then devoted himself to botany. In 1878 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina , in 1879 he was appointed to a botanical chair at the Georg-August University of Göttingen , where he founded the Institute for Plant Physiology . In 1885 he moved to the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel as the successor to Adolf Engler . In 1891/92 he was its rector . In his rector's speech on March 5, 1891, he dealt with the universities in the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1921 he retired .

For Kiel University he sat in the Prussian mansion from 1894 to 1918 . As a member of parliament, in his speech on May 10, 1907 in the Prussian manor house, he called for the disastrous influence of evolutionary theory and Darwinism on the younger generation to be pushed back. In particular, he had the activities of the zoologist and prorector of the Jena University Ernst Haeckel to popularize the theory of evolution and its membership in the German Monist Association . The state has to intervene here, as it is preparing to "take a revolutionary approach". In addition, he saw as a possible remedy to use biology lessons, which at that time was still forbidden in schools in Prussia, without reservation.

He was a full member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences since 1882 and an external member since 1885 .

plant

Reinke was one of the founders of the German Botanical Society . His wide-ranging botanical interests included floristry , systematics including the plant development cycles, cell biology and physiology of brown algae . In Kiel, as head of the Botanical Garden , he recognized the potential of the Kiel Fjord and the Baltic Sea for detailed studies. Between 1888 and 1892 he published a large number of scientific papers on the algae of the North and Baltic Seas. Larger works deal with the algae family of Tilopteridaceae (1889) and Sphacelariaceae (1890). An eye disease forced him to turn away from the microscope .

Reinke became an outstanding exponent of neo- vitalism and a strong critic of Darwinism . while at the same time affirming the idea of ​​development. In 1901 he coined the term Theoretical Biology to define the subject from a conceptual and theoretical point of view. This also meant a demarcation from empirical biology. Reinke tried to explain the evolutionary process through morphogenesis and genetic regulation with the help of his dominant theory .

Finally he turned completely to theoretical-philosophical considerations and began to write religiously motivated novels .

Fonts

  • Developmental studies of the Dictyotaceans of the Gulf of Naples . Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae naturae curiosorum, Vol. 40, 1 (1878)
  • Botanical Treatises in the Field of Morphology and Physiology , 1878
  • Text-book of general botany , 1880
  • Atlas of German Marine Algae , 1889 and 1891
  • The development of the natural sciences in particular biology in the nineteenth century , 1900
  • Introduction to theoretical biology , 1901, 2nd edition 1911
  • The world as action. Outline of a scientifically based worldview , 1903
  • Studies on the comparative development history of the Laminariaceen , 1903
  • Philosophy of Botany , 1905
  • Scientific lectures for the educated of all classes , 6 booklets, 1907–1911
  • We and nature. Easily understandable notes , 1907
  • Haeckel's Monism and Friends - a Free Word for Free Science , 1907
  • The Art of Weltanschauung , 1911
  • Kiels oldest botanical garden. Documentary representation of the establishment of a university institute in the seventeenth century , 1912
  • Critique of the theory of descent , 1920
  • Science, worldview, religion , 1923
  • My day's work , 1925
  • The dynamic worldview , 1926
  • Knowledge and belief in natural science, with special reference to animal psychology , 1929

literature

  • Volker Wissemann: Johannes Reinke. Life and work of a Lutheran botanist. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2012. (Religion, Theology and Natural Science; 26). ISBN 978-3-525-57020-3 .
  • Andreas W. Daum : Science popularization in the 19th century. Civil culture, scientific education and the German public, 1848–1914. Oldenbourg, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-486-56337-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ National Church Archives, Schwerin — Mecklenburg Church Book Office, Reg.-No .: 5320.
  2. ↑ Rector's speech (HKM)
  3. ↑ Erika Krauße, Ernst Haeckel, Teubner Verlag 1987, p. 114f.
  4. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 199.
  5. ^ Andreas W. Daum: Science popularization in the 19th century. Bourgeois Culture, Scientific Education, and the German Public, 1848-1914 . Oldenbourg, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-486-56337-8 , pp. 221 f., 229-233, 507 .
personal data
SURNAME Reinke, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist and vitalistic philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH February 3, 1849
PLACE OF BIRTH Ziethen
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1931
Place of death Preetz , Holstein