Johannisviertel (Flensburg)
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The Johannisviertel (also: St. Johannis ; Danish Sct. Hans Kvarter ) is one of the four original settlement centers of the city of Flensburg and is considered to be the nucleus of the city center of Flensburg. However, Adelby is considered to be the real, but lesser-known nucleus of the city . The Johannisviertel today forms an urban district that was assigned to the Jürgensby district in the 20th century .
location
The quarter around the Johanniskirche is the furthest east of the four original Flensburg settlement centers. It is the only one of these to be found on the east bank of the Flensburg Fjord , whose tip to the west of the district has long since silted up. The spatial separation from the western old town is emphasized by the fully developed traffic lane of the former federal highway 199 since the 1950s than the water has ever done. The Johannisviertel is protected from the urban traffic noise there by the embankment of the Flensburg harbor railway , which is, however, creeping in danger from politics. In the west, the Johannisviertel borders on the old town center around St. Nikolai , with which it is connected by the Angelburger Straße, which is also cut by the old B 199 . The Mauseloch pedestrian underpass represents a further connection with the Flensburg city center . In the east, the Johannisviertel borders on the ravines , in the southeast on the Sandberg district , in the south on the Fischerhof . In the north, the Johannisviertel merges into the St. Jürgen district , which is already part of the Jürgensby district . The terrain rises in the whole area from west to east. The main thoroughfare is Angelburger Strasse, which has been traffic-calmed for a number of years and runs in the south of the district in an east-west direction.
history
Beginnings
The beginnings of the Johannisviertel are also the beginnings of the history of the city of Flensburg. It is believed that the settlement is to be found under the protection of a sovereign castle, which is said to have been built to protect a customs post near the border of the Wies- and Husbyharde on Angelburger Strasse . In his book from 1963, Jackob Röschmann extensively describes the site formations of the Dammhof area , east of the church, which suggested that there was a castle there. Such a castle is mentioned in the legend of the historically unproven knight Fleno . According to legend, this castle is also the original "Flensburg", which gave the city its name. But archeology cannot confirm these names. Historians, in particular, question the name of the legendary knight and thus also the name of the castle, so that there must be a different development process for the name Flensburg. The fishing settlement originally located here is also very old, and it must have been so important in the 12th century that a church was built here. This Johanniskirche was very similar to the country churches in the area in its construction made of field stones, but it is characterized by a certain size. Presumably it was originally just a chapel of the Adelby Church, which was also dedicated to John the Baptist .
With the granting of city rights to all four Flensburg settlement cores, the settlement around St. Johannis left the Husbyharde . However, like the Ramsharde in the north , the district retained the character of a less prosperous suburb from the start, while the two inner districts around St. Nikolai and St. Marien made up the actual trading town. Administratively, the Johannisviertel was assigned to the southern half of the city around St. Nikolai. Unlike this, however, it was not firmly walled , but only protected with a palisade . St. Johannis was separated from the Nikolaiviertel by the Angelburger or Mühlentor, the exit to the east was - also on Angelburger Straße - the Johannistor. There were also two smaller gates, the Fischerpforte on Plankemai and the Dammhofpforte on Dammhof, all of which disappeared in the 19th century and of which no reliable images have survived (see Flensburg city fortifications ). Johannisstrasse was outside the fortification.
Over the centuries the Johannisviertel remained a petty bourgeois quarter. Instead of the fishermen, who is remembered in the name of the Süderfischerstraße, the first street in the city mentioned in the Erdbuch of 1436, crafts and smaller service providers soon appeared.
From the 19th century to the 20th century
The structure of the petty-bourgeois quarter changed little into the 19th century. Apart from a few stately houses on Angelburger Strasse and a few other exceptions, the development of the district remained largely modest.
The first major changes resulted from industrialization . Since the 1840s, an industrial area has been built on the former water and swamp areas north of the Plankemai. The historic Margarethenhof also became the seat of several industrial companies. Another important factory, a tannery, was built at Johannisstrasse 1–5. The facilities of the first Flensburg main station and the first power station were also built immediately north of the Plankemai.
In the course of the rapid growth of the Fördestadt during the imperial era, the increasingly remote area - with the exception of the main street Angelburger Straße - remained a petty bourgeois quarter. Only a few of the old houses have been replaced by taller buildings from the Wilhelminian era. The most striking new buildings were the new St. Johannis boys' school and the Fischersche Badehaus, both on the Dammhof and no longer available today. The Flensburg calibration office in the district, which was built in 1912/1913, is a particularly clear reminder of the city's Prussian era .
Danger
In the 1950s, plans were made to radically redesign the city center of Flensburg, which had come unscathed by the war, and the Johannisviertel. According to the plans of the architect Bruno Wehner , essential parts of the Johannisviertel were to give way to gigantic traffic structures. In 1968, in the zoning plan, a strip of land parallel to the embankment of the Flensburg port railway was designated for the construction of the proposed high-speed road, which was to be connected at the Hafenspitze with a likewise elevated street layout on the east and west side, similar to the shape of a motorway junction . The plans were not implemented and only finally discarded in the 1990s. The inner city of Flensburg was instead relieved by the west and east bypasses. The urban plans had meant that nothing was invested in the old houses. In the 1970s and 1980s, more and more houses were demolished, and the Johannisviertel degenerated into a parking lot suburb for the business centers of the city center. With the new construction of the Chamber of Crafts between Plankemai, Süderfischerstraße and Dammhof, a structure was created directly opposite the Johanniskirche without any regard for the historical surroundings.
Redevelopment
It wasn't until the end of the 1980s that a rethink began. The neighborhood should become attractive again. The old streets were traffic-calmed, most of the vacant lots were closed with buildings that fit in well with the preserved old buildings. Most of the preserved old buildings have been lovingly renovated. As a result, the Johannisviertel has become an attractive residential area again.
literature
- Klaus Ove Kahrmann: Flensburg around the turn of the century and today. Neumünster 1984.
- Lutz Wilde (arrangement): Cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein: City of Flensburg. Wachholtz, Neumünster 2001.
Individual evidence
- ^ City districts, published by the City of Flensburg ( Memento from February 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Andreas Oeding, Broder Schwensen, Michael Sturm: Flexikon. 725 aha experiences from Flensburg! Flensburg 2009, article: Building sins .
Web links
Coordinates: 54 ° 47 ′ 1.6 ″ N , 9 ° 26 ′ 25.9 ″ E