John Leverett

John Leverett (christened on July 7 ^jul. / July 17, 1616 ^greg. In Boston , Lincolnshire , † March 16 ^{. Jul} / 26 March 1679 ^{. Greg} in the Massachusetts Bay Colony ) was an English magistrate of the colonial government, businessman, soldier and Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Around 1640 he went back to England to fight in the English Civil War.

He was against the strict Puritan religious orthodoxy in the colonies and also believed that the colonial government would be beyond the reach of the crown. This was a politically confident stance that contributed to the revocation of the colonial charter in 1684. Its commercial and military activities focused on the economy of the colonies as well as that of the Kingdom of England. As a result, he was viewed critically by some as the leader of the colony. However, he was popular with his troops and was elected governor of the colony several times between 1673 and 1679. He represented the interests of the colony during the King Philip's Wars and expanded the areas of the colony by acquiring land claims in the area of today's Main .

Life

John Leverett was baptized on July 7, 1616 in Saint Botolph Church in Boston, Lincolnshire. The date of his birth is not known. His father, Thomas Leverett, was a close associate of John Cotton , an English clergyman and theologian who was one of the leading figures of the first generation of Puritans in New England . His mother was Anne Fisher. All that is known about her is that she gave birth to 16 children.

Nothing further is known about the youth of Leverett, only the arrival of the family in New England in 1633 is documented. Upon arriving in the colonies, the family settled in Boston , and in 1639 John Leverett married Hannah Hudson. From this marriage in 1640 the son Hudson John Leverett and three other children were born. Hannah Leverett died in 1643. In the early 1630s, his father Thomas Leverett was a member of the Alderman of Boston and, in partnership with John Beauchamp of the Plymouth Council for New England, owned what is now known as the Waldo Patent , title to land in what is today Acquired state of Maine . John Leverett became a freeman in 1640 and received the right to vote, among other things.

In 1639 he joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts . The artillery company was a central facility for people who disagreed with the orthodoxy of the Colony's Puritan leaders. Many of its leading members - including Leverett - opposed the colonial attacks against religious dissidents. Leverett was the company commander in 1652, 1663 and 1670. In 1663 and 1666 he was also major general of the colony. At the same time he was active as a businessman; among other things, he conducted speculative deals with Edward Gibbons, in which he was often very lucky. His activities as a merchant and military leader also created conflicts of interest. Gibbons intervened with Governor John Winthrop in the 1640s to allow volunteers from Massachusetts to support the French Governor of Acadia Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour in the war for Acadia . Gibbons had negotiated trade privileges with the governor of Acadia for this.

English Civil War

Around 1644 Leverett traveled to England, where he fought on the side of the Roundhead for Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War. He held a military command in Thomas Rainsborough's cavalry and served there with distinction.

He returned to Massachusetts in 1645 and married Robert Sedgwick's daughter Sarah Sedgwick in 1647. With her he had 14 children, six of whom were girls and one son reached adulthood.

During his time in England he became convinced of greater religious tolerance. He pursued the idea politically, often in the face of opposition from the Conservative Puritan leadership of Massachusetts, who opposed religious views inconsistent with their narrow beliefs.

Specifically, he opposed the Cambridge Platform , which described the Orthodoxy of the New England Church, and refused to punish anyone who did not conform to it when he was a member of the Massachusetts General Court . John Winthrop wrote about the Synod of 1648, noting that those who recently came from England were strongly against its resolutions.

politics

After Leverett became a freeman in 1640 , he also became active in Massachusetts politics. Together with Edward Hutchinson, he went on a diplomatic mission to the Narraganset to negotiate with their sachem Miantonomo . It was rumored that all the Indian tribes in the area had conspired to wage war against the English colonists. Miantonomo then went to Boston and convinced Governor Winthrop that the rumors they had heard had no basis. Leverett also later carried out diplomatic missions for the colonial administration. He served five times as a Member of the General Court in the 1650s and 1660s.

Leverett was a popular colonial militia leader , which resulted in an unusual situation caused by the colony's militia laws. The colony had decided to limit the strength of its militias and therefore limited the number of its officers to only one leadership position. In 1652 Leverett was captain of the Suffolk County Company of Massachusetts and was simultaneously elected captain of a Boston infantry unit and a Massachusetts artillery unit. Since he was denied an exemption by the government, he had to give up the leadership of the Boston infantry. However, he was allowed to maintain the leadership of the artillery company, as the company was exempt from the regulations on the militias.

Governor John Endecott

In 1652, Governor John Endecott dispatched a surveyor to redefine the colony's northern boundary. The new route was prescribed by a charter and was located 4.8 kilometers north of the Merrimack River . However, the Society erroneously determined the northern limit of the Merrimack near Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire . An east-west border at this latitude meant that a number of smaller settlements in what is now southern Maine belonged to Massachusetts. Leverett was sent by Endecott as one of several agents to the settlers to negotiate incorporation into the colony. These negotiations resulted in the formation of now defunct York County . Leverett subsequently invested in land in Maine in addition to the lands he had inherited from his father.

In 1655 he was posted to England as an agent for the Massachusetts Colony. It is unclear whether he went to England because of the overlap with his government duties in Acadia, but he served there in that capacity until 1662.

During the 1650s, when Cromwell held the office of Lord Protector , the colonies benefited from the relationships Leverett had established with Cromwell during the Civil War. Cromwell refrained from enforcing the navigation files against the merchants of the colonies. Nor did Cromwell respond to complaints about the colonies' repressive tactics against religious nonconformists. The latter came about due to Leverett's personal opposition to the colony's extreme stance towards religion.

Military rule over Acadia

In 1651 England and the Netherlands entered the Anglo-Dutch War . This news reached New England in 1652. Rumors arose that the Dutch from Nieuw Amsterdam had united with the Indians in the area to wage war against the English colonies. John Leverett and Robert Sedgwick saw the elimination of the Dutch as competitors as a benefit for their own trade and therefore waited for military action against Nieuw Amsterdam. Others, like Simon Bradstreet, spoke out against military action. Petrus Stuyvesant , General Director of the Dutch West India Company , invited a delegation from the New England colonies to Nieuw Amsterdam to discuss the matter. Leverett was one of the commissioners posted in 1653 and carefully looked after the interests of the colonies. The New Haven Colony asked the government of the Commonwealth of Oliver Cromwell for support against the Dutch threat, whereby they supported Leverett when he went to England with Sedgwick in 1653 to protect the interests of the colonies in the expected war.

Oliver Cromwell

Cromwell responded by placing Sedgwick in command of military command on the New England coast and sending him back with Leverett and some ships and troops to go to war with the Dutch. The force was to be supplemented upon arrival by 500 colonialists under Leverett's command. By the time the New England troops were raised in 1654, peace had already been made between the English and the Dutch. Sedgwick then used his appointment and instead of fighting the Dutch, he waged war against the French in neighboring Acadia. In 1654 he captured the main ports of Acadia: Port Royal and Fort Pentagouet . Sedgwick handed military command of the province to Leverett, who was governor of Acadia for three years and in May 1957 handed the province over to Sir Thomas Temple .

During this time, Leverett and Sedgwick enforced a virtual trade monopoly for the French Acadia in their favor, which in the colonies led to Leverett being viewed as a predatory opportunist .

Leverett funded much of the cast himself and later petitioned Cromwell's government for reimbursement. Though Cromwell approved the payment, he made it contingent on the colony doing an audit of Leverett's finances, which never happened. As a result, Leverett asked for compensation in 1660 - after the Stuart Restoration .

Military command and governorship

Leverett held the rank of Major General in the Massachusetts Militia from 1663 to 1673. He was also repeatedly elected to the General Court or the Council of Assistants . During this time he was responsible for the strength of the Boston Defense. He was also sent back to the colonial settlements of New Hampshire and South Maine, where some colonists agitated against Massachusetts rule and where he arrested colonial officials.

After the restoration by Charles II , all English colonies came under the control of the king. In 1665 Charles II sent four commissioners to Massachusetts. They were instructed to obtain the approval of the colonies on the conditions required by Karl in a letter that he had sent to the colonial government in 1662. In that letter, he urged the colonies to enact more tolerant religious laws and enforce the Navigational Acts.

The arrival of the commissioners was of particular importance to the colony's government and Leverett was appointed to a committee to draft a petition to the king calling for the commission to be recalled. The document they drafted identified the commissioners as "agents of evil sent to Massachusetts to subvert its charter and destroy its independence." ("Agents of Evil Sent to Massachusetts to Undermine their Charter and Destroy their Independence")

Engraving that the capture of Fort Wampanoag at Mount Hope in 1675 during King Philip's Wars shows

Leverett served as Deputy Governor under Richard Bellingham from 1671 to 1672 and became governor after Bellingham's death. His tenure as governor fell into the time of King Philip's War and under the increasing threats of the colonial charter, which culminated in its revocation in 1684.

The colonies angered the king by buying up Sir Ferdinando Gorges' claims to parts of Maine in 1677, an area that Charles had earmarked for his son, the Duke of Monmouth .

Edward Randolph was sent to the New England Colonies by Charles to report on the New England Colonies. He reported in 1676 that Leverett believed that the colony was beyond the reach of the crown: "He freely declared to me that the laws made by your Majesty and your Parliament obligeth them in nothing but what consists with the interest of that colony " . ("He freely declared to me that the laws your Majesty and Parliament require of them do not oblige them to anything except what is in the interests of this colony.")

Although Leverett prefers religious tolerance, there were still many in the colony who did not think so. Baptists were able to perform public prayers in Boston during his tenure, but he was also criticized by Quaker historians for his harsh anti-Quaker laws, passed in 1677.

Death and legacy

Leverett died in office on March 16, 1679 of complications caused by kidney stones . His grave is on the King's Chapel Burying Ground in Boston. His descendants include his grandson John , Seventh President of Harvard College , Leverett Saltonstall Governor of Massachusetts, and Thomas Leverett Vermont Secretary of State . Leverett , Massachusetts was named after him.

Cotton Mather wrote of Leverett that he was “one to whom the affections of the freemen were signaled his quick advances through the lesser stages of honor and office, unto the highest in the country; and one whose courage had been as much recommended by martial actions abroad in his younger years, as his wisdom and justice were now at home in his elder. ”(dt | one to whom the demands of Freeman made his rapid progress through the smaller stages of the Signaled honor and office to the highest in the country and whose courage had been so much strengthened by acts of war through his experiences abroad in his younger years, as his wisdom and justice were at home in his older years.)

Individual evidence

↑ The calendar reform of the Gregorian calendar was not adopted in the Kingdom of England and the American colonies until 1752. The dates in this article all refer to the Julian calendar.
↑ ^a ^b A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of the Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 49 ( books.google.de ).
^ A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 23 ( books.google.de ).
^ A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 19 ( books.google.de ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay . Gates, 1848, p. 367 ( books.google.de ).
^ Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 139 .
^ A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., 1856, pp. 57 ( books.google.de ).
^ A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 51 ( books.google.de ).
^ ^A ^b Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 116 .
↑ ^a ^b A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of the Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 58 ( books.google.de ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay . Gates, 1848, p. 370 ff . ( books.google.de ).
^ Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 92 .
↑ John Endecott; a biography, . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass 1936, pp. 221 ff .
^ Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay . Gates, 1848, p. 370 ( books.google.de ).
^ Profits in the wilderness: entrepreneurship and the founding of New England towns in the seventeenth century . Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill et al. a. 1991, ISBN 0-8078-2001-6 , pp. 106 ff .
^ A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., 1856, pp. 62 ( books.google.de ).
^ The Trade and Commerce of Boston, 1630 to 1890 . Damrell & Upham, 1895, p. 25 ( books.google.de ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c The empire state: a history of New York . Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY 2005, ISBN 0-8014-8991-1 , pp. 92 ff .
^ Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 130 .
↑ Biography - SEDGWICK, ROBERT - Volume I (1000-1700) - Dictionary of Canadian Biography . ( biographi.ca ).
↑ ^a ^b Biography - Leverett, JOHN - Volume I (1000-1700) - Dictionary of Canadian Biography . ( biographi.ca ).
^ ^A ^b Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 141 ff .
^ A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., 1856, pp. 60 ff . ( books.google.de ).
^ ^A ^b Colony or Commonwealth: Massachusetts Bay, 1661-1666 . In: The William and Mary Quarterly . tape 24 , no. 1 , 1967, p. 88-107 , doi : 10.2307 / 1920563 , JSTOR : 1920563 .
^ ^A ^b Edward Randolph and the American Colonies, 1676-1703. Norton, New York 1969, p. 42 .
^ On Toleration in Massachusetts . In: Church History . tape 38 , no. 2 , June 1, 1969, p. 188-200 , doi : 10.2307 / 3162706 ( cambridge.org ).

literature

Louise A Breen: Transgressing the Bounds: Subversive Enterprises Among the Puritan Elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, ISBN 978-0-19-513800-9 . OCLC 213296589
Thomas Bridgeman: The Pilgrims of Boston and their Descendants . D. Appleton and Company, New York 1856, pp. 43-44 (accessed April 29, 2009).
Michael Garibaldi Hall: Edward Randolph and the American Colonies . University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC 1960. OCLC 181784
Hamilton Andrews Hill: The Trade and Commerce of Boston, 1630 to 1890 . Damrell and Upham, Boston, MA 1895. OCLC 7676661
E. Brooks Holifield: On Toleration in Massachusetts . In: American Society of Church History (Ed.): Church History . 38, No. Volume 38, No. 2, June 1969, pp. 188-200. doi : 10.2307 / 3162706 .
Milton Klein: The Empire State: A History of New York . Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY 2006, ISBN 978-0-8014-8991-4 . OCLC 65285709
Charles Edward Leverett: A Memoir Biographical and Genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, Knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79 . Crosby, Nichols, Boston, MA 1856. OCLC 7387840
Paul Lucas: Colony or Commonwealth: Massachusetts Bay, 1661–1666 . In: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture (Eds.): The William and Mary Quarterly . 24, No. Third Series, Volume 24, No. January 1, 1967, pp. 88-107. doi : 10.2307 / 1920563 .
John Frederick Martin: Profits in the Wilderness: Entrepreneurship and the Founding of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century . University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC 1991, ISBN 978-0-8078-2001-8 . OCLC 231347624
Lawrence Shaw Mayo: John Endecott . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1936. OCLC 1601746
Jacob Bailey Moore: Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay . CD Strong, Boston 1851. OCLC 11362972
Susan Hardman Moore: Pilgrims: New World Settlers & the Call of Home . Yale University Press, New Haven, CT 2007, ISBN 978-0-300-11718-9 . OCLC 122337947
Elias Nason: A Gazetteer of the State of Massachusetts . BB Russell, Boston, MA 1874. OCLC 1728892
Report of its Heraldic Committee on the Subject: Was Gov. Leverett a Knight? . New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston 1881.OCLC 558014968
Oliver Ayers Roberts: History of the Military Company of the Massachusetts, Volume 1 . A. Mudge and son, Boston, MA 1895. OCLC 1394719

Web links

Commons : John Leverett (governor) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

John Leverett in the database of Find a Grave (English)

personal data
SURNAME	Leverett, John
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	English colonial magistrate, merchant, soldier and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
DATE OF BIRTH	July 17, 1616
PLACE OF BIRTH	Boston , Lincolnshire
DATE OF DEATH	March 26, 1679
Place of death	Massachusetts Bay Colony

[dates-1] The calendar reform of the Gregorian calendar was not adopted in the Kingdom of England and the American colonies until 1752. The dates in this article all refer to the Julian calendar.

[Bio-2] A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of the Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 49 ( books.google.de ).

[Vater-3] A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 23 ( books.google.de ).

[4] A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 19 ( books.google.de ).

[Moore-5] Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay . Gates, 1848, p. 367 ( books.google.de ).

[Breen-6] Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 139 .

[7] A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., 1856, pp. 57 ( books.google.de ).

[8] A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 51 ( books.google.de ).

[Breen116-9] A ^b Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 116 .

[Leverett58-10] A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of the Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., Jan. 1, 1856, pp. 58 ( books.google.de ).

[moore370-11] Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay . Gates, 1848, p. 370 ff . ( books.google.de ).

[Breen92-12] Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 92 .

[13] John Endecott; a biography, . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass 1936, pp. 221 ff .

[14] Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay . Gates, 1848, p. 370 ( books.google.de ).

[15] Profits in the wilderness: entrepreneurship and the founding of New England towns in the seventeenth century . Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill et al. a. 1991, ISBN 0-8078-2001-6 , pp. 106 ff .

[16] A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., 1856, pp. 62 ( books.google.de ).

[17] The Trade and Commerce of Boston, 1630 to 1890 . Damrell & Upham, 1895, p. 25 ( books.google.de ).

[Klein-18] The empire state: a history of New York . Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY 2005, ISBN 0-8014-8991-1 , pp. 92 ff .

[Breen130-19] Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 130 .

[20] Biography - SEDGWICK, ROBERT - Volume I (1000-1700) - Dictionary of Canadian Biography . ( biographi.ca ).

[DCB-21] Biography - Leverett, JOHN - Volume I (1000-1700) - Dictionary of Canadian Biography . ( biographi.ca ).

[Breen141-22] A ^b Transgressing the bounds: subversive enterprises among the Puritan elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 . Oxford Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513800-7 , pp. 141 ff .

[Lev_60-23] A memoir biographical and genealogical, of Sir John Leverett, knt., Governor of Massachusetts, 1673-79: of Hon. John Leverett, FRS, judge of the supreme court, and president of Harvard college; and of the family generally ... Crosby, Nichols & Co., 1856, pp. 60 ff . ( books.google.de ).

[Lucas-24] A ^b Colony or Commonwealth: Massachusetts Bay, 1661-1666 . In: The William and Mary Quarterly . tape 24 , no. 1 , 1967, p. 88-107 , doi : 10.2307 / 1920563 , JSTOR : 1920563 .

[Hall42-25] A ^b Edward Randolph and the American Colonies, 1676-1703. Norton, New York 1969, p. 42 .

[26] On Toleration in Massachusetts . In: Church History . tape 38 , no. 2 , June 1, 1969, p. 188-200 , doi : 10.2307 / 3162706 ( cambridge.org ).


	Governors of the Plymouth Colony (1620–1686 / 1689–1692)	Carver • Bradford • E. Winslow • Prence • Bradford • E. Winslow • Bradford • Prence • Bradford • E. Winslow • Bradford • Prence • J. Winslow • Hinckley
	Massachusetts Bay Colony Governors (1629–1686 / 1689–1692)	Cradock · Endecott · Winthrop · Dudley · Haynes · Vane · Winthrop · Dudley · Bellingham · Winthrop · Endecott · Dudley · Winthrop · Endecott · Dudley · Endecott · Bellingham · Endecott · Bellingham · Leverett · Bradstreet
	Governors of the Dominion of New England (1686–1689)	Dudley · Andros
	Province of Massachusetts Bay Governors (1692–1775)	W. Phips · Stoughton · Coote · Stoughton · Dudley · Tailer · Shute · Dummer · Burnet · Dummer · Tailer · Belcher · Shirley · S. Phips · Shirley · S. Phips · Pownall · Hutchinson · Bernard · Hutchinson · Gage