José Giral Pereira
José Giral Pereira (* 1879 in Santiago de Cuba , † December 23, 1962 in Mexico ) was a Spanish politician and Prime Minister of Spain ( Presidente de Gobierno ) .
biography
University professor and first political activities
Giral Pereira graduated from school to study chemistry and pharmacy at the Complutense University of Madrid , which he graduated in 1903 with a doctorate in pharmacy and 1904 with a doctorate in physical and chemical sciences. In 1905 he was appointed professor to the chair of inorganic chemistry at the University of Salamanca .
After participating in the republican- oriented general strike of 1917, he was arrested and subsequently sentenced. Because of his republican attitude and ideology, he was arrested again during the reigns of Miguel Primo de Rivera and Dámaso Berenguer Fusté from 1923 to 1930. In 1928 he was appointed professor at the Department of Biochemistry at the Complutense University of Madrid.
Together with Manuel Azaña , he co-founded the Republican Action ( Acción Republicana ) in 1928 , a progressive, left-liberal and republican party. After the unification of the Acción Republicana with the Galician Republican Autonomous Organization ( Organización Republicana Gallega Autónoma ) and the Radical Socialist Republican Party ( Partido Republicano Radical Socialista ) to the Republican Left ( Izquierda Republicana ) in 1934 , he became a member.
After the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic on April 14, 1931, he was appointed rector of the Complutense University in Madrid. At the same time he became a government advisor ( Consejero de Estado ).
Promotion to prime minister and prime minister of the government in exile
On October 14, 1931, he was appointed Minister of the Navy by Azaña in his cabinet, which was in office until September 12, 1933.
On July 19, 1936, he became Minister of the Navy in the cabinet of Diego Martínez Barrio . On the same day, Azaña, who was meanwhile President of the Republic, appointed him as successor to Martínez Barrio as Prime Minister of Spain ( Presidente de Gobierno ) in order to limit the effects of the military revolt of July 17, 1936, commanded by General Francisco Franco . During the following Spanish Civil War , however, there was increasing armed conflict and the fighting broadened. After the battles of Talavera de la Reina and the march of the expeditionary forces from Morocco on Madrid , he resigned as Prime Minister on September 4, 1936 and was replaced by Francisco Largo Caballero . During his tenure, he was also Minister of the Navy.
In the cabinets of Largo Caballero, he remained as a minister without portfolio member of the Republican government. From May 17, 1937 to April 5, 1938 he was Foreign Minister in the cabinet of Largo Cabellero's successor, Juan Negrín López .
After Franco came to power on January 30, 1938, he went into exile in France in 1939 and then later to Mexico , where he was Professor of Biochemistry at the Instituto Politécnico Nacional and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México until his death .
In Mexico he was also from September 18, 1945 to 1947, with the approval of the Mexican government, as successor to Negrín López Prime Minister of the Spanish government in exile .
Publications
As a university lecturer, he was also the author of several specialist books:
- "Análisis orgánico funciona" (1914) (Functional organic analyzes)
- "Tratado de química orgánica" (1926–1928, 3 volumes) (treatises on organic chemistry )
- "Fermentos" (1940) ( enzymes )
- "Materia y energía" (1960) (matter and energy)
literature
- José Giral y Pereira , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 10/1963 from February 25, 1963, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)
Web links
- Biography ( Memento from February 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (Spanish)
- Republican governments during the civil war
- "Second Anniversary" , article in TIME magazine on July 25, 1938
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of Navy Ministers ( Memento of April 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ List of key Spanish ministries
- ^ Politicians of the Spanish government in exile ( Memento of July 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Specialized book publications ( Memento from May 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Giral Pereira, José |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Giral, José |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prime Minister of Spain |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1879 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Santiago de Cuba |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 23, 1962 |
| Place of death | Mexico |