National Autonomous University of Mexico
| Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - UNAM - |
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| motto | Por mi raza hablará el espíritu (The spirit will speak for my kind) |
| founding | January 25, 1553 ( Real y Pontificia Universidad de México ) September 22, 1910 ( Universidad Nacional de México ) |
| Sponsorship | state |
| place | Mexico city |
| Rector | Enrique Graue Wiechers |
| Students | 346,730 (including 112,229 high school students) (2015/2016) |
| Employee | 69,364 (2015/2016) |
| including professors | 12,172 (39,500 lecturers) |
| Annual budget | approx. 39.4 billion Mexican pesos (2016; ~ 2.1 billion euros) |
| Website | unam.mx |
Architects: Enrique del Moral , Mario Pani Darqui and Salvador Ortega Flores
The National Autonomous University of Mexico ( Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , UNAM for short ) is the oldest and one of the largest universities on the American continent. According to the annual “World University Ranking” of the British consulting firm QS for 2018, it is the third best (and at the same time the largest) Latin American university after the Universidad de Buenos Aires and the Universidade de São Paulo . In a global comparison, UNAM ranks 122nd, shortly after the Humboldt University of Berlin (120th place) and ahead of the Free University of Berlin (125th place). According to a 2005 study by The Times newspaper, UNAM is the best university in the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries. In a global comparison, it reached 95th place.
The ensemble of buildings, sports facilities and open spaces of the large campus ( Ciudad Universitaria ) has been declared a World Heritage Site.
history
founding
On September 21, 1551 presented later King Philip II. On behalf of his father Charles V the Memorandum for the Real y Pontificia Universidad de México from. It was inaugurated on January 25, 1553 by Viceroy Luis de Velasco of New Spain in the Calle de San Ildefonso in the Centro Histórico ("Historic Center") of Mexico City. The university was dissolved in 1865 by the Mexican Emperor Maximilian .
In the spring of 1910, the university was re-established as Universidad Nacional de México on the initiative of Justo Sierra and opened on September 22, 1910 by President Porfirio Díaz . After the years of privation during the revolution , the university was able to consolidate itself as an institution from 1920. However, the university only achieved full autonomy after the first student and professors' strike of its career on August 26, 1929. Further strikes followed in 1936 and 1944.
In 1954, students and teachers moved into the new "university town" Ciudad Universitaria in the south of Mexico City.
Social movements
In 1968, the UNAM found itself in the midst of student protests that culminated in the Tlatelolco massacre ( Matanza de Tlatelolco ) in Plaza de las Tres Culturas . Hundreds of students died in the massacre, for which the then Interior Minister and later President Luis Echeverría Álvarez (1970–76) has been responsible for genocide since June 30, 2006 . It marked a turning point in the history of Mexico.
The university experienced numerous other student uprisings, including in 1987 and 1999. Both were a reaction to the government's attempt to end the public and unpaid university character. The 1999 strike against neoliberal education policy dragged on for nine months and completely paralyzed university operations.
Student body
Conditions for registration:
- Abitur ( Bachillerato ) with a minimum average grade of "7" (the Mexican grading system goes from 0 to 10, with the lowest passing grade being 6)
- Entrance exam (due to limited number of places)
Departments
Academia de San Carlos
The Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (ENAP) and the Escuela Nacional de Arquitectura (ENA), departments for art and architecture, emerged from the Academia de San Carlos in 1929 .
Famous lecturers
- see also Category: University Lecturers (National Autonomous University of Mexico) and List of Rectors of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
- Octavio Paz , writer and Nobel Prize winner
- Mario J. Molina , chemist and Nobel Prize winner
- Rosario Castellanos , writer
- Erich Fromm , psychologist (1950)
- Pablo González Casanova , sociologist (1966–1984)
- Raquel Sosa Elízaga , historian
- Hans-Jürgen Zubrod , Department of Applied Molecular Biology
- Luis E. Miramontes , chemist (inventor of the baby pill)
- Rodrigo Jokisch , sociologist
- Rodolfo Neri Vela , astronaut
- Elena Poniatowska , writer and journalist
- Carlos Fuentes , writer
Awards
In 2009 the university was awarded the Spanish Prince of Asturias Prize in the Communication and Human Sciences category. The reason given was that the university had been an academic and educational model for numerous generations of students in its hundred-year history and had enriched the Ibero-American sphere with the most important intellectuals and scientists. It has also generously granted refuge to famous exiles of postwar Spain, fostered powerful currents of humanist, liberal, and democratic thought in America, and expanded its significant influence by creating a variety of institutions that enrich the academic world and connect it with the society they serve .
UNESCO World Heritage Site
The campus was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 .
See also
literature
- Jochen Meissner: The establishment of the Real y Pontifícia Universidad de México as a European “border university”. Colonial founding or European norm? In: Yearbook for University History . 7, 2004, pp. 11-26.
- Enrique Rajchenberg: Rebellion X. The year of the strike at the university in Mexico City. Unrast, ISBN 3-89771-009-9 [1]
- John Ross: Mexico. History-society-culture. Unrast, ISBN 3-89771-018-8 [2]
- Taibo II, Paco Ignacio: 1968 / Gerufene Helden / A handbook for conquering power Black cracks / Libertarian Association, Berlin, ISBN 3-922611-63-X .
Web links
- Official website
- National Autonomous University of Mexico (Spanish)
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- Literature from and about the National Autonomous University of Mexico in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dr. Enrique Graue Wiechers. In: UNAM.mx. Retrieved September 28, 2019 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b c d Official UNAM statistics
- ↑ " About the UNAM ( Memento of the original from November 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . “National Autonomous University of Mexico.
- ↑ QS-World University Rankings 2018, June 2018
- ↑ UNAM in the World University Ranking , January 27, 2017
- ↑ Fundación Principe de Asturias ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , June 10, 2009
- ↑ Entry on the website of the UNESCO World Heritage Center ( English and French ).
Heritage: Historic Center of Mexico City and Xochimilco (1987) | Pre-Columbian City and National Park of Palenque (1987) | Pre-Columbian city of Teotihuacán (1987) | Old town of Oaxaca and ruins of Monte Albán (1987) | Historic Center of Puebla (1987) | Guanajuato Historic Center and Mines (1988) | Pre-Columbian city of Chichén Itzá (1988) | Old Town of Morelia (1991) | Pre-Columbian city of El Tajín (1992) | Old town of Zacatecas (1993) | Rock carvings in the Sierra de San Francisco (1993) | Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl (1994) | Pre-Columbian city of Uxmal (1996) | Querétaro monument ensemble (1996) | Cabañas Hospice in Guadalajara (1997) | Monument area of Tlacotalpan (1998) | Archaeological sites of Paquimé in Casas Grandes (1998) | Xochicalco Archaeological Site (1999) | Historic city and fortress of Campeche (1999) | Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda (2003) | Luís Barragán's house and studio (2004) | Agave landscape and historical tequila production sites (2006) | University campus of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (2007) | Fortified town of San Miguel de Allende and the pilgrimage church of Jesús de Nazareno in Atotonilco (2008) | Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (2010) | Prehistoric caves of Yagul and Mitla in the Oaxaca Valley (2010) | Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque (2015)
Natural heritage: Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve (1987) | El Vizcaíno lagoon - whale shelter (1993) | Islands and Protected Areas in the Gulf of California (2005) | Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve (2008) | El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve (2013) | Revillagigedo Archipelago (2016)
Cultural / natural heritage: Mayan city of Calakmul and tropical rainforests in Campeche (2002)