Juliane Reichardt

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Juliane Reichardt , née Juliane Benda (born May 14, 1752 in Potsdam , † May 11, 1783 in Berlin ) was a German singer (soprano) and composer from the Benda family . She was the youngest daughter of the Prussian court violinist and composer Franz Benda and his wife Franziska Benda, née Stephain. In 1776 she became the wife of the Berlin conductor Johann Friedrich Reichardt .

Life

Garrison Church Potsdam (built 1730–1735), painting by Carl Hasenpflug around 1827

The family of Franz Benda lived in Potsdam, where her eighth child in the local on May 19, 1752 Garrison Church was christened Bernhardine Juliane Benda. The mother Franziska Louise Eleonore Stephanie, the civil servant's daughter and former maid of the Bayreuth Margravine Wilhelmine , a sister of Friedrich II , died in 1758. Three years later the widower Benda married her younger sister Caroline Wilhelmine Stephanie, first maid of the Duchess Anna Amalia von Sachsen-Weimar- Eisenach . Two older sisters of Juliane Benda stayed in Weimar permanently after the wedding , initially as court ladies, Maria Carolina Benda also as court singer. This meant a valuable social and professional connection between Berlin and Weimar for the entire musician family Benda , especially when they got married there themselves: the singer, pianist and composer Maria Carolina Benda (1742–1820) 1770 the court composer Ernst Wilhelm Wolf , Wilhelmine Louise Dorothea Benda (1741–1798) In 1777, he trusted Goethe, court medic and pharmacist Wilhelm Heinrich Sebastian Bucholz .

Juliane Benda received singing, piano and composition lessons from her father. Renowned traveling artists such as the versatile musician Wilhelm Karl Rust , the music journalist Charles Burney , the publisher, translator and composer Johann Joachim Christoph Bode and the composer and writer Johann Friedrich Reichardt, Juliane Benda's later husband , frequented her parents' house . In his company, she later met other personalities such as Matthias Claudius in Hamburg and Johann Gottfried Herder in Weimar.

Even before she got married, Juliane Benda's songs and sonatas were admired: her expressive soprano voice, her virtuoso piano technique and sensitive manner of presentation also inspired her future husband. This was particularly true for her appearances at the so-called lovers' concerts , which were founded in 1770 and were directed by the court musician (violin, piano) Johann Friedrich Ernst Benda , the eldest son of Franz Benda's brother Joseph Benda , until 1785 . After her marriage in 1776, her public appearances shifted more in favor of private work. The young couple moved into a centrally located official apartment in Berlin on Dönhoff'schen Platz, where their daughter Louise Reichardt , who later became a soprano, composer and music teacher, was born in 1779 after a son who died young . She lost her mother in her earliest youth, soon after the birth of another girl in 1783.

A composer from the Berlin Liederschule

Eva Weissweiler , who in 1981 was apparently the first musicologist to write in detail about Juliane Benda-Reichardt and her compositional style, counts this composer, along with her sister Maria Carolina Benda and daughter Louise Reichardt (1779–1826), to the representatives of the Berlin Liederschule . These songs have nothing in common with the then highly artificial Italian bel canto , as it was performed in the Italian operas in the royal opera house in Berlin.

On the contrary, they “consciously” show the turn to “folk tone and popular style” and are considered to be

"Musical representatives of the German Enlightenment, as revolutionary champions of an anti-feudal musical culture."

“It is incomprehensible”, said Weissweiler, that these female composers were ignored by musicology, or that their work could “be misinterpreted” as female amateurism. Because they belong to the same Berlin song school as Johann Abraham Peter Schulz , whose song “The moon has risen” from “Gesänge im Volkston” (1779) became a popular folk song .

With Juliane Reichardt, her sister Maria Carolina Benda (1742–1820, married Wolf) and her daughter, the famous composer Louise Reichardt (1779–1826), three female composers from the Benda family belong to the Berlin Liederschule.

Compositional style

Juliane Benda's songs address the bourgeoisie with their “folk tone” expression. Your piano accompaniments are set so that you can accompany yourself without any effort, with the piano playing the melody. Eva Weissweiler mentions the lecture titles as conspicuous, which move in the “tender” or “melancholy” space and characterize the “emotional exuberance” of the “ Werther time ”.

Works

Juliane Reichardt's compositions are difficult to access today and require a precise overview and new edition. Even before her marriage in 1776, she began to publish more than 30 songs and 2 piano sonatas on her own by 1780. She set to music partly her own and partly foreign texts. (In the following it is not clear whether compositions are mentioned twice.)

published by Juliane Reichardt herself
  • Songs in the Göttingen and Vossian muse almanac
  • 17 songs, published by Bohn, Hamburg
  • 2 piano sonatas, in the same collection, probably the first independent publication by a female composer in Germany after Weissweiler.
Published under his name by Johann Friedrich Reichardt
  • Songs by Juliane Reichardts
Individual publications by Juliane Reichardt
  • Daphne by the brook. Goddess love! in: Johann Heinrich Voß (Ed.): Muses-Almanach for 1779.Bohn , Hamburg 1779, OCLC 165358933 , p. 60.
  • Fountain song. Now let everything stand and lie. in: Johann Heinrich Voß, Leopold Friedrich Günther von Goekingk (eds.): Muses-Almanach for 1780. Bohn, Hamburg 1780, OCLC 165358930 , p. 137.
  • Piano Sonata. Hildegard Publ. Co., Bryn Mawr, PA 1998 (edited by Linda Moot) OCLC 165731772 .

literature

  • Franz Lorenz: The Benda family of musicians. Volume 1: Franz Benda . Wilhelm de Gruyter, Berlin 1967, pp. 30, 31, 80-85 and 101-110.
  • Eva Weissweiler: Juliane Reichardt and the composers of the Berliner Liederschule. In: Eva Weissweiler: Female composers from the Middle Ages to the present. DTV Munich 1999 (1st edition 1981), ISBN 3-423-30726-9 , pp. 138-162.
  • The music in past and present (MGG), second, revised edition, edited by Ludwig Finscher, person part 2, Bag-Bi, Bärenreiter Kassel, 1999, columns 1073 and 1074.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see biography Franz Benda pages 102-104
  2. ^ Eva Weissweiler: Juliane Reichardt and the composers of the Berlin Liederschule. 1981, p. 139.
  3. ↑ Weissweiler p. 143.
  4. ↑ Music and Gender on the Internet ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on mugi.hfmt-hamburg.de (detailed catalog raisonné) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mugi.hfmt-hamburg.de
  5. ^ Eva Weissweiler: Juliane Reichardt and the composers of the Berlin Liederschule. P. 142. (1775-1780).
personal data
SURNAME Reichardt, Juliane
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Reichardt, Bernhardine Juliane; Benda, Bernhardine Juliane (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German singer and composer
DATE OF BIRTH May 14, 1752
PLACE OF BIRTH Potsdam
DATE OF DEATH May 11, 1783
Place of death Berlin