Johann Abraham Peter Schulz

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Johann Abraham Peter Schulz, copper engraving by Friedrich Jügel (1794)

Johann Abraham Peter Schulz (born March 31, 1747 in Lüneburg , † June 10, 1800 in Schwedt ) was a German musician and composer . Today he is remembered in particular as the composer of the melody to Matthias Claudius ' poem "Abendlied" ("The moon has risen") and the Christmas carol " Ihr Kinderlein, kommet " (" Every year again ", even if it can sometimes be read like this, not composed by Schulz, but by Friedrich Silcher ). But Johann Abraham Peter Schulz's setting of Matthias Claudius' text "Serenata im Walde zu singen" (Serenata im Walde zu singen ") is certain to come from Johann Abraham Peter Schulz:" If only there were bare ground here, where the trees now stand, that would not be half as good with my honor, sir beautiful." Another hymn through which Schulz is still known today is " We plow and we scatter ".

Life

Schulz attended the Michaelis School from 1757 to 1759 and then from 1759 to 1764 the Johanneum in Lüneburg. In 1765 he became a student of the Berlin composer Johann Philipp Kirnberger . From 1776 to 1780 he was the conductor of the French theater in Berlin. In 1780 he became Kapellmeister of Prince Heinrich in Rheinsberg . From 1787 to 1795 he was the royal Danish court conductor in Copenhagen . In addition to conducting and composing for the Royal Chapel in Copenhagen , he taught Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse (1774–1842), who is known to many as the father of Danish music, and promoted Friedrich Ludwig Æmilius Kunzen . Then he returned to Berlin.

In the 1790s Schulz suffered from progressive tuberculosis . In the hope of relief, he planned a sea voyage to Portugal that ended after a shipwreck in Arendal , Norway . In Germany again he lived in Lüneburg (1796), Berlin, Rheinsberg (1797), Stettin (1798/1799) and Schwedt (1799/1800).

On June 10, 1800, Johann Abraham Peter Schulz succumbed to consumption and was buried in the Great Cemetery, today's Schwedt city park.

Schulz created operas , incidental music , oratorios , cantatas , as well as piano pieces and popular songs . As a music theorist, he worked on Johann Philipp Kirnberger's The Art of Pure Movement in Music and wrote important contributions to Johann Georg Sulzer's (1720–1779) “General Theory of Fine Arts” in four volumes (lemmas “Modulation” to “Two Voices”) .

Schulz married twice, first in 1781 Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Flügel († 1784) from Berlin; with her he had a daughter and a son who both died in their first year of life. In 1786 he married Caroline's sister Charlotte Flügel († 1797). Her son Carl Eduard was born, who died at the age of three, and in 1794 the daughter Wilhelmine Charlotte (called Minchen), who lived with her father in Schwedt during his last years. She later married the glass manufacturer Ludwig Heinrich Betzien and died in Berlin in 1861.

Schulz maintained numerous friendships with writers and musicians of his time, including Johann Heinrich Voss , Matthias Claudius , Friederike Brun and Johann Friedrich Reichardt . He was an admirer of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and Friedrich Schiller .

The city music and art school in Schwedt is named after Johann Abraham Peter Schulz. The carillon of the Lüneburg town hall has been playing the composer's melodies every day since 1956, and a bust of the composer stands in front of the council library.

Self-testimony

“In all of these songs my endeavor is and remains to sing more popularly than artistically, namely in such a way that even inexperienced lovers of singing, as soon as they are not completely lacking in voice, can easily sing it and remember it by heart. For the end I have only chosen those texts from our songwriters that seemed to me to have been made into this popular song, and that even in the melodies of the greatest simplicity and comprehensibility tried to bring the appearance of the known into them in every way I know from experience how much this note is useful, indeed necessary, to the folk song for its quick recommendation. In this appearance of the familiar lies the whole secret of the folk tone ... For only through a striking resemblance between the musical and the poetic tone of the song, through a melody whose progression never rises above the course of the text, nor sinks beneath it, like a Dress clings to the body, to the declamation, and to the metro of the words, which, moreover, flows away in very singable intervals, in an extent appropriate to all voices and in the very lightest modulations, and finally through the highest perfection of the proportions of all its parts, whereby actually the melody that rounding is given that is so indispensable for every work of art from the area of ​​the small, the song receives the appearance of which we are talking here, the appearance of the unsolicited, the artless, the known, in a word, the folk tone, which makes it imprints itself on the ear so quickly and incessantly returning. And that is the end goal of the song composer if he wants to remain true to his only legitimate resolution, in this type of composition, to make good song texts generally known. "

- Johann Abraham Peter Schulz, songs in folk tone , preface

Works

Piano works

  • Six piano pieces op. 1 , 1778.
  • Sonata op. 2 , 1778.

Songs

  • Chants in Folk Tone , 1779.
  • Songs in Volkston , 1782, 1785, 1790.
    • Facsimile of the 1790 edition: Songs in the folk tone: to be sung by the piano; three parts in one volume. In: Documentation on the history of the German song 12 . 2005, ISBN 3-487-12958-2 .
New editions:
  • Songs in the folk tone. Edited by Regina Oehlmann and Arndt Schnoor. Lübeck: Library of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck and Young Opera Lübeck; Eutin: Johann-Heinrich-Voß-Gesellschaft 2005. (Publications of the Lübeck City Library, 3rd row, Volume 49)
  • Songs in the folk tone. Edited by Walther Dürr and Stefanie Steiner, Tübingen, with the assistance of Michael Kohlhäufl, Regensburg. Munich: Henle, 2006 ( The Legacy of German Music 105).

Operas and Singspiele (among others)

  • Barber of Seville , 1786.
  • Höst-gilden (The Harvest Festival) , 1790.
  • Indtoget (The Entry) , 1793.
  • Peters Bryllup (Peter's Wedding) , 1793. Libretto Thomas Thaarup

Church music works

  • Maria og Johannes (Maria and Johannes) , 1788.
Digital copy of a score manuscript, probably written by Johann Wilhelm Cornelius von Königslöw , Lübeck City Library
  • Christ's death , 1792.
  • Frelseren's sidste Stund (The Savior's Last Hour) , 1794.
  • 4 hymns, 1791 to 1794.

literature

  • Heinz Gottwaldt, Gerhard Hahne (ed.): Correspondence between Johann Abraham Peter Schulz and Johann Heinrich Voss ; Kassel and Basel, 1960
  • Wulfhard von Grüner, friends and sponsors of the music and art school "JAP Schulz" of the city of Schwedt / Oder eV (Ed.): Liedermann des Volkes; Johann Abraham Peter Schulz: Life, Environment and Creation , Schwedt / Oder, 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030656-3
  • Joachim Kremer, Friedrich Jekutsch, Arndt Schnoor (eds.): Christian Flor (1626–1697) - Johann Abraham Peter Schulz (1747–1800). Texts and documents on the music history of Lüneburg . Bockel, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-932696-04-2 , ( Publications of the Ratsbücherei Lüneburg 6), ( Music of the early modern times 2).
  • Arndt Schnoor:  Schulz, Johann Abraham Peter. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 715 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Wilhelm Schulte: JAP Schulz, a Protagonist of the Musical Enlightenment. Songs in the folk tone. In: Music Research Forum 3, 1988, ZDB -ID 1449049-3 , pp. 23-34.
  • Michael Struck: Diversitas as a link. Johann Abraham Peter Schulz as piano composer , in: Reception as innovation. Investigations into a basic model of European composition history. Festschrift for Friedhelm Krummacher on his 65th birthday , ed. by Bernd Sponheuer , Siegfried Oechsle and Helmut Well with the assistance of Signe Rotter, Kassel etc. 2001, pp. 53–80.
  • Heinrich Welti:  Schulz, Johann Abraham . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 34, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1892, pp. 744-749.

Web links

Commons : Johann Abraham Peter Schulz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Audio file / audio sample Melody The moon has risen ? / i melody We plow and we scatter ? / i
Audio file / audio sample

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Abraham Peter Schulz on the pages of the music and art school of the city of Schwedt / Oder
  2. ↑ Quoted from Heinrich Welti:  Schulz, Johann Abraham Peter . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 34, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1892, pp. 744-749.
personal data
SURNAME Schulz, Johann Abraham Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German musician and composer
DATE OF BIRTH March 31, 1747
PLACE OF BIRTH Luneburg
DATE OF DEATH June 10, 1800
Place of death Schwedt