Louise Reichardt
Louise Caroline Reichardt , also Luise Reichardt, (born April 11, 1779 in Berlin ; † November 17, 1826 in Hamburg ), was a German singer (soprano), composer , music teacher and founder of a women's choir. She was the eldest daughter of the composer and writer Johann Friedrich Reichardt and the singer and composer Juliane Reichardt , b. Benda. Louise Reichardt composed more than 90 songs and choral movements .
Life
Childhood in Berlin
Louise Reichardt's family initially lived in Berlin, where they were baptized in the Dreifaltigkeitskirche . Her godmother was Princess L (o) uise von Anhalt-Dessau , a patron of her father. Louise Reichardt received upbringing and education from her father, the composer and writer Johann Friedrich Reichardt, who, however, traveled frequently and for a long time. Her mother was the singer and composer Juliane Benda, the youngest daughter of the violinist and composer Franz Benda . She died in 1783, when Louise Reichhardt was four years old, after the birth of a daughter; one of Reichhardt's brothers had died a year earlier. As a toddler, Louise Reichardt suffered from smallpox that left noticeable scars all over her face. At the end of 1783, the father married Johanna Alberti (1755–1827), who came from the Alberti pastor family, and later a sister-in-law of Ludwig Tiecks . Well-known poets frequented the Reichardt family.
Louise Reichardt learned to play the piano, harp, lute and guitar in self-study. In singing, too, she largely trained herself; she is said to have had a very warm sounding, full voice. However, her father did not tolerate her appearing in public, except in church or in private circles.
At Gut Giebichenstein, the "hostel of romance"
In 1791 the family moved to the Giebichenstein estate near Halle, known as the “ Herberge der Romantik ” . Here, Louise Reichardt met Friedrich Schleiermacher , Ludwig Tieck, the brothers August Wilhelm Schlegel and Friedrich Schlegel , Clemens Brentano , Achim von Arnim and Bettina von Arnim , Novalis , Johann Gottlieb Fichte , Wilhelm Grimm , Johann Heinrich Voss , Joseph von Eichendorff , Jean Paul , Carl Friedrich Zelter , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe with Christiane von Goethe and Mozart's widow Constanze , some of whom stayed there for longer periods of time.
In 1794 her father was dishonorably dismissed as court conductor without pension entitlement; the pardon did not take place until a few years later. Reichardt's stepbrother drowned while skating in 1801. Louise Reichardt found support and consolation in composing and setting poems to music like folk songs (e.g. von Tieck, von Arnim, Brentano). Singing together with her siblings - one biological sister, three step-siblings and five half-siblings - was particularly important to her, as was their upbringing and training, for which she later also took financial responsibility. Her youngest brother Carl Friedrich later became an internationally known architect and author.
Louise Reichardt's fiancé, the poet Friedrich Eschen, had a fatal accident while climbing a mountain. In 1803 her bridegroom Franz Gareis , a painter, also died on an educational trip in Italy. As a result of Napoleonic acts of war , Reichardt's father's house was devastated in 1806; the family was temporarily housed with relatives in Berlin and Halle. After returning to the poorly restored family estate, she suffered from constant financial difficulties.
Music teacher and composer in Hamburg
Louise Reichhardt had plans to become a music teacher and went - against the will of her father, who thought this was improper - to Hamburg in 1809, where the family had relatives and close friends. She lived in the house of the banker Jerome Sillem and then permanently with his mother, Marie Louise Sillem (1749-1826). Louise Reichardt also took part in the regular house concerts in the great hall of her town house ( Große Reichenstrasse 28), for example in performances of Handel's oratorios. Louise Reichardt's circle of friends included the families of Amalie Sieveking , the painter Philipp Otto Runge , the bookseller Friedrich Christoph Perthes and the poet and journalist Matthias Claudius .
Louise Reichhardt worked as a singing teacher in collaboration with Johann Hermann Clasing . She founded a music school for women and the first women's choir ( choral society in 1816, Singing Academy in 1819 ). It was her concern to make the music of Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Friedrich Handel known, and she and her students took part in public performances, e.g. B. 1818 of the "Messiah" in the Michaeliskirche . With initially good income, she led a modest life out of her faith and freely spent her earnings on her projects and the support of those in need.
Due to declining health and increasing competitive pressure, their situation gradually deteriorated. Marie Louise Sillem had bequeathed her a monthly pension after her death in order to enable her to have a dignified retirement in another house.
Louise Reichhardt died in 1826. On November 23rd of that year she was buried in the Johanniskirchhof. The funeral speech was given by Johann Heinrich Mutzenbecher (1772–1844), Deacon of St. Petri . Her students sang two chorales she had composed recently .
In Hamburg-Bahrenfeld there has been Reichardtstrasse since 1929 , named after Johann Friedrich Reichardt and supplemented by Louise Caroline Reichardt herself in 2001/2002.
See also
literature
- Rita Bake , Brita Reimers: This is how they lived !: Walking on the paths of women in Hamburg's old and new towns. Christians Verlag Hamburg, 2003, ISBN 3-7672-1417-2 , 978376721470, p. 125 f.
- Iris Boffo-Stetter: Luise Reichardt as a music teacher and composer. Studies on the conditions of professional music practice by women in the early 19th century , Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1996, ISBN 3-631-30123-5 .
- Gisela Jaacks : Reichardt, Louise . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 1 . Christians, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7672-1364-8 , pp. 246-246 .
- Franz Lorenz: The Benda family of musicians (Volume 1: Franz Benda ), de Gruyter, Berlin 1967, pp. 101–110 and pp. 123–130.
- Hans Michael Schletterer : Reichardt, Luise . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 27, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 648-651.
- Martin Gottlieb Wilhelm Brandt: Life of Louise Reichardt , Basel, 1865, Google book
- Georg Friedrich August Schmidt (Ed.), New Nekrolog der Deutschen ; 4.2. 1826 (1828), 255. Louise Reichardt , Weimar, Voigt, 1826, p. 1045 ff.
Web links
- Sheet music and audio files by Louise Reichardt in the International Music Score Library Project
- Free digital scores by Louise Reichardt in the OpenScore Lieder Corpus
- MUGI - Music and Gender on the Internet Biography and catalog raisonné
- Works by and about works by Louise Reichardt in the German Digital Library
- Edited letters from and to Louise Reichardt in the web service correspSearch of the BBAW
- Sophie Drinker Institute detailed listing of secondary literature
- Restless Sleep , sung by Susan Owen-Leinert (YouTube)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Catalog raisonné ( Memento of the original from January 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ For a detailed burial see Franz Lorenz, p. 129
- ↑ see women biographies Hamburg
- ↑ The painting on Louise Reichardt shown at IMSLP is obviously not applicable, see discussion page and Getty Museum ( memento of the original from November 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Reichardt, Louise |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Reichardt, Louise Caroline (full name); Reichardt, Luise |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German singer, composer, music teacher |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 11, 1779 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 17, 1826 |
| Place of death | Hamburg |