Julien friend

Julien Freund (born January 8, 1921 in Henridorff in Lorraine , † September 10, 1993 in Strasbourg ) was a French political scientist and sociologist . He is considered a thought leader of conservatism and the New Right .

Life

Julien Freund was born in Henridorff in the Moselle department on January 8, 1921, the eldest of six children to a farmer and a socialist worker. After the death of his father he had to drop out of his studies prematurely and became a teacher at the age of 17.

In the Resistance

During the Second World War , Freund took an active part in the French resistance against the German occupation. After he was initially taken hostage by the Germans in July 1940, he managed to escape to free France . From January 1941 he joined the resistance group Liberation-Sud around Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie , then the free resistance groups around Henri Frenay . In June 1942 Julien Freund was arrested in Clermont-Ferrand . From September he was imprisoned in Lyon with Emmanuel Mounier , one of the accused in the trial of the Combat resistance group . Imprisoned in the central prison of Eysses , then in the fortress of Sisteron , he managed to escape on June 8, 1944. In November 1944 he returned to Strasbourg and devoted himself to journalism and political action for a time . In 1945/46 he was department head of the Mouvement de libération nationale (MLN), the department of Moselle and for some times academic secretary of a school union, the Syndicat national des enseignements de second degré (SNES).

academic career

Freund applied for the post of philosophy teacher in 1946 and after his Agrégation received a job at the grammar school of Sarrebourg (1946-1949), then at the grammar school in Metz (1949-1953) and at the grammar school Fustel de Coulanges of Strasbourg (1953-1960). From 1960 to 1965 he was a researcher at the Center national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) in the field of political analysis. In 1965, the year he was defending his doctoral thesis at the Sorbonne , he was elected Professor of Sociology at the University of Strasbourg , where, as one of the founders of the Faculty of Social Sciences, he also became its director.

There he created some institutions of regional importance, such as the Institut de polémologie de Strasbourg in collaboration with Gaston Bouthoul (see Polemology ), the Center de recherches et d'études en sciences sociales (in 1967), the Revue des sciences sociales de la France de l'Est (in 1972) and the Center de recherche en sociologie régionale (1973).

Friend taught from 1973 to 1975 at the Collège de l'Europe in Bruges then from 1975 at the University of Montreal . In 1979 he was appointed chairman of the Association internationale de philosophie politique and then went into early retirement because he disapproved of developments in university teaching and administration. Since then he has lived secluded in Villé .

Think

Freund was significantly influenced by Max Weber , Georg Simmel , Vilfredo Pareto and above all Carl Schmitt and contributed to making their thoughts known in France.

Freund was best known for his book L'essence du politique ( The essence of politics ), the main theses of which come from his doctoral thesis, which he submitted to Raymond Aron in 1965. The philosopher Jean Hyppolite preferred to refuse the work because he did not want to gain the reputation of supporting Freund's theses. Influenced by Schmitt's questions, Freund tried to analyze the basic categories of the political, which he saw in the threefold relationship between obedience and command, friend and foe, and public and private. Freund emphasized the invariants of the human mind, be it in the areas of aesthetics , ethics , economics or the religious sphere .

Little integrated into French sociology, Julien Freund enjoyed a certain international reputation, especially on the basis of his book about Max Weber, which was translated into English . He always refused to leave Alsace - his homeland - to pursue a career in Paris: " Kant lived in Königsberg and not Berlin ". A passionate hobby painter himself, he married the daughter of the Alsatian painter René Kuder in 1948 (1882–1962).

His fascination with Carl Schmitt and his basically conservative concept of politics, as well as his commitment in the Revue Nouvelle école of the Groupement de Recherche et d'Études pour la Civilization Européenne (short: GRECE, founded by Alain de Benoist ), made him in in the eyes of some observers to a thinker of the controversial Nouvelle Droite .

Fonts

• L'essence du politique (Sirey, 1965).
• Max Weber (PUF, 1966 et 1983).
• Europe without make-up (Druckerei Winkelhagen, Goslar 1967).
• Qu'est-ce que la politique? (Seuil, 1968 et 1978).
• Max Weber (PUF, 1969).
• Le nouvel âge. Elements for the theory of democracy et de la paix (Marcel Rivière, 1970).
• Le droit d'aujourd'hui (PUF, 1972).
• Les théories des sciences humaines (PUF, 1973).
• Pareto. La théorie de l'équilibre (Seghers, 1974).
• Georges Sorel. An intellectual biography (Siemens-Stiftung, Munich 1977).
• Lesproblemèmes nouveaux posés à la politique de nos jours (Université européenne des affaires, 1977),
• Utopie et violence (Marcel Rivière, 1978).
• Il luogo della violenza (Cappelli, Bologna 1979).
• La fin de la Renaissance (PUF, 1980).
• La crisis del Estado y otros estudios (Instituto de Ciencia política, Santiago de Chile 1982).
• Ideas and experiences. Les activités sociales: regards d'un sociologue (Institut des Sciences Politiques et Sociales de l'UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve 1983).
• Sociologie du conflit (PUF, 1983).
• Idées et expériences (Institut de sociologie de l'UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve 1983).
• La decadence. Histoire sociologique et philosophique d'une catégorie de l'expérience humaine (Sirey, 1984).
• Philosophy et sociologie (Cabay, Louvain-la-Neuve 1984).
• Politique et impolitique (Sirey, 1987).
• Philosophy philosophique (Découverte, 1990).
• Études sur Max Weber (Droz, Genève 1990).
• Essais de sociologie économique et politique (Faculté catholique Saint-Louis, Bruxelles 1990).
• L'aventure du politique. Entretiens avec Charles Blanchet (Critérion, 1991).
• D ' Auguste Comte à Max Weber (Economica, 1992).
• L'essence de l'économique (Presses universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 1993).
• Diritto e Politica. Saggi di filosofia giuridica (Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 1994).
• Il Terzo, il nemico, il conflitto. Materiali per una teoria del Politico (Giuffrè, Milano 1995).
• Warfare in the modern world. A short but critical analysis (Plutarch Press, Washington DC 1996).
• Voci di teoria politica (Antonio Pellicani Editore, Roma, 2001).
• Vista de conjunto sobre la obra de Carl Schmitt (Struhart & Cía., Buenos Aires, 2002).

Translations into French

• Max Weber, Le savant et la politique , Plon, 1959.
• Max Weber, Essais sur la théorie de la science , Plon, 1965, et Agora / Presses-Pocket, 1992.
• Max Weber, Economie et société , Plon, 1971.

bibliography

A bibliography of the writings of Julien Freund, compiled by Piet Tommissen, can be found in the special edition for Freund's 60th birthday in the Revue européenne des sciences sociales (No. 54–55, 1981, pp. 49–70). Another bibliography, which extends to 1984, and was also compiled by Piet Tommissen, can be found in: Philosophy et sociologie (Cabay, Louvain-la-Neuve 1984, pp. 415–456: Julien Freund, une esquisse bio -bibliographique).

Studies

• Revue européenne des sciences sociales , “Critique des théories du social et épistémologie des sciences humaines: études en l'honneur de Julien Freund”, 19, n ^o  54–55, Droz, Genève 1981.
• Revue des sciences sociales de la France de l'Est , “Region et conflits. Hommage à Julien Freund "(Strasbourg), n ^o  10th
• Tijdschrift voor de study van de verlichting en van het vrije think , "Politiek en decadentie volgens Julien friend," 11, n ^o  4., 1983
• Studi Perugini , Università degli Studi di Perugia, n ^o  1, 1996.
• Empresas políticas , Sociedad de Estudios Políticos de la Región de Murcia, n ^o  5, of 2004.
• BIHR, A., "L'extrême droite à l'université: le cas Julien Freund", Revue Agone , n ° 54, 2014.
• BLANCHET, C., "Julien Freund (1921-1993). Le maître de l'intelligence du politique et notre ami à l '" enfance éternelle "", Paysans (París), vol. 37, n ° 221, 1993, pp. 7-20.
• CAMPI, A. , Carl Schmitt , Freund, Miglio: figure e temi del realismo politico europeo , La Roccia di Erec, Fiorenza 1996.
• DELANNOI, G .; HINTERMETER, P .; RAYNAUD, P .; Taguieff, P.-A ., Julien friend La dynamique des conflits , Berg International, Paris, 2010 ISBN 978-2-917191-36-1
• MOLINA CANO, J., La filosofía económica de la economía moderna Julien friend ante , Cuadernos Veintiuno (Madrid), n ^o  10., 1997
• MOLINA CANO, J., Julien Freund, lo político y la política , Sequitur, Madrid, 1999.
• MOLINA CANO, J., Conflicto, gobierno y economía (cuatro ensayos sobre Julien Freund) , Struhart & Cía., Buenos Aires 2004.
• PAQUOT, T., "Julien friend, l'intellectuel frontière qui n'a pas de frontière", Revue des sciences sociales , n ^o  40, 2008, p.  154-161.
• TOUANNE, S. DE LA, Julien Freund. Penseur “  machiavélien  ” de la politique , L'Harmattan , Paris, 2004.
• VALDERRAMA ABENZA, JC, Julien Freund, la imperiosa obligación de lo real. Estudio bio-bibliográfico , Isabor, Murcia 2006.
• VALDERRAMA ABENZA, JC, "El dolor y la muerte en Julien Freund ", in: ANRUBIA, E. (ed.), Filosofías del dolor y la muerte , Comares, Granada 2007, pp. 53-89.
• VALDERRAMA ABENZA, JC, "El orden social: Síntesis de la actualidad de las esencias ", in: CORBETTA, JC & PIANA, RS, El valor de lo político: Estudios sobre Julien Freund , Prometeo Libros, Buenos Aires 2010, pp. 95-120.
• VALDERRAMA ABENZA, JC, "Julien Freund, analista político. Contextos y perspectivas de investigación ", in: SÁNCHEZ GARRIDO, P. & MARTÍNEZ SICLUNA, C. (eds.), Miradas liberales. Análisis político en la Europa del s. XX , Biblioteca Nueva, Madrid 2014.

Web links

• Literature by and about Julien Freund in the catalog of the German National Library