Julius Ofner

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Julius Ofner (born August 20, 1845 in Horschenz , Bohemia , † September 26, 1924 in Vienna ) was an Austrian lawyer, social politician, legal philosopher, member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Vienna Imperial Council and an important representative of liberalism in the last decades of the Habsburg monarchy .

Monument to Julius Ofner in Taborstrasse , at No. 26

Life

Julius Ofner was the son of a Jewish businessman and farmer in Bohemia, studied law at the University of Prague from 1863 , then from 1865 at the University of Vienna . During his studies he became a member of Fidelitas Vienna in the Burschenbunds-Convent in 1865 . 1869 Dr. jur. after receiving his doctorate , he worked as court and court counsel in Vienna from 1877. In 1896 Ofner was elected as a member of the liberal German Democrats in the Lower Austrian state parliament.

Ofner was significantly involved in the amendment of the General Civil Code , in the development of labor law (including the prohibition of child labor, Sunday rest provisions, admission of women to certain professions, care for released convicts) and in the reform of the criminal law . These reforms, which were unofficially called "Lex Ofner" after him, concerned, among other things, increasing the damage limit for property crimes or the introduction of conditional convictions . In 1913 he was appointed to the Imperial Court on the suggestion of the Social Democratic parliamentary group . In reforming marriage law, he drew opposition from conservative Catholic circles.

From 1901 to 1918 Ofner was a member of the Reichsrat, was initially non-attached for a long time and from 1913 belonged to the Club of German Democrats, from 1917 to the German Freedom Association , where he also headed these small parliamentary groups as chairman. 1918/19 he was a member of the Provisional National Assembly . In 1919 he founded the Democratic Party , which became a splinter party in the first elections . Ofner was Vice President of the Vienna Bar Association and in 1919 became a permanent advisor at the Constitutional Court .

Legal philosophy

In his legal philosophical writings, Ofner saw the purpose of law in securing the development of the individual. In Austria he coined the term “right to work.” He saw the law in close interrelationship with social conditions, which is why it should be continuously adapted to social changes. Jurisprudence has the task of actively contributing to the creation of “social law”.

Honors

Julius-Ofner-Hof, Vienna

Ofner lies in a grave of honor in Vienna's central cemetery (group 52 A, row 1, number 23).

The Julius-Ofner-Hof (architect Ernst Lichtblau ) in Vienna- Margareten , built in 1926/27, was dedicated to him. A memorial erected in 1932 on Taborstrasse was removed by the National Socialists in 1943, but provisionally erected in 1948 and finally rebuilt in 1954. The Ofner Alley in Vienna- Leopoldstadt was named in 1925 after him.

Fonts (selection)

  • The term servitute according to Roman and Austrian law. A critical study. Hölder, Vienna 1884. Internet archives
  • The right to work. Vienna 1885.
  • The original draft and the consultation minutes of the Austrian General Civil Code. 2 volumes, Hölder, Vienna 1889; Reprinted 1976, ISBN 3-920967-05-4 .
  • Studies of Social Jurisprudence. Hölder, Vienna 1894 ( Internet archive ).
  • The revision of the general civil code. Vienna 1907.
  • Walther Eckstein (Ed.): Law and Society. Collected lectures and essays. Gerold, Vienna 1931.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c H. Knoepfmacher:  Julius Ofner. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 7, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 217 f. (Direct links on p. 217 , p. 218 ).
  2. ↑ a b c Andreas Thier:  Ofner, Julius. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 485 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Biography on The Jewish Virtual Library.
  4. ^ Helga Thoma: Mahner-Helfer-Patrioten. Portraits from the Austrian Resistance. Edition va bene, Vienna / Klosterneuburg 2004, ISBN 3-85167-168-6 , p. 70.
  5. ↑ Christian Bachhiesl: The case of Josef stretch. A convict, his professor and the exploration of personality. Lit, Münster 2006, ISBN 3-8258-9579-3 , p. 88.
  6. ^ Gate 1 - Jewish honor graves
  7. ↑ Dr. jur Julius Ofner ( Memento from February 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Biography on komotau.de
  8. ↑ Renate Seebauer: Not a century of the child. Child labor in the field of tension between school and social legislation. Lit, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-643-50162-2 , p. 124;
    Julius Ofner. In: dasrotewien.at - Web dictionary of the Viennese social democracy. SPÖ Vienna (Ed.)
personal data
SURNAME Ofner, Julius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian legal philosopher and politician, member of the state parliament, member of the National Council
DATE OF BIRTH August 20, 1845
PLACE OF BIRTH Horschenz
DATE OF DEATH September 26, 1924
Place of death Vienna