Cedar Juniper
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Cedar Juniper ( Juniperus cedrus ) |
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| Juniperus cedrus | ||||||||||||
| Webb. & Berthel. |
The cedar juniper ( Juniperus cedrus ) is a flowering plant in the family of the cypress family (Cupressaceae). It occurs in the Canary Islands and Madeira .
description
Appearance and leaves
The cedar juniper grows as an evergreen tree with heights of up to 30 meters or as a shrub at higher altitudes . The orange-brown bark comes off in coarse, vertical stripes. The branches protrude horizontally, curve upwards towards the branch tip and carry hanging branches.
The decussate in three-row Wirteln arranged on the branch needle-shaped leaves have a length of 1 to 2 centimeters to possess on the adaxial leaf surface of both sides of the central rib a narrow white gap opening strip and are on the underside of leaves green to blue-green frosted.
Gender distribution, cones and seeds
The cedar juniper is dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ). The male cones are single and axillary. The non-frosted seed cones are spherical with a diameter of 8 to 12 millimeters. The cones are green when immature, ripen in the second year, are then copper-red and contain three seeds each .
Occurrence
The cedar juniper has a Macaronesian distribution; it is native to the Canary Islands La Palma , La Gomera , Tenerife and Gran Canaria as well as only at higher altitudes on Madeira .
The cedar juniper grows on soils and rocks of volcanic origin.
Systematics
Juniperus cedrus was 1847 by Philip Barker Webb and Sabin Berthelot in of Natural History of The Canary Islands , Volume 3, Part 2 (Phytographia canariensis), Section III, pp 277 first described . Synonyms for Juniperus cedrus Webb. & Berthel. are Juniperus grandifolius Link , Juniperus webbii Carriere , Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. maderensis Menezes and Juniperus cedrus Webb & Berthel. subsp. maderensis ( Menezes ) Rivas Mart. et al.
Juniperus cedrus belongs to the subgenus or section Juniperus in the genus Juniperus . Robert P. Adams places this juniper species in a group of the "junipers of Europe, the Canary Islands, the Azores, Asia Minor and Africa".
Hazards and protective measures
The remaining stocks of cedar juniper are pushed back into dry forest landscapes in inaccessible rocky regions. An expansion of the isolated populations of this dioecious species apparently does not take place due to the declining populations of many seed-dispersing birds . Accordingly, the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN) lists it as critically endangered ( EN dangered) on the Red List of Endangered Species .
As a protective measure, the cedar juniper is listed in national laws; the stocks in national parks are under protection.
In the Federal Republic of Germany, the cedar juniper is placed under protection in the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV) by designating it as a strictly protected species and thus placing trade under surveillance.
At the European level, with Directive 92/43 / EEC (Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive) in the updated version of January 1, 2007 of the European Union (FFH-RL) Appendix 1 protected area designations for its habitat type " Endemic forests with Juniperus spp. ” Is required in a manner to be treated with priority .
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literature
- Robert P.Adams: Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus . "2nd Edition. Trafford Publishing Co., Vancouver 2008, ISBN 978-1-4251-6880-3 , pp. 122 (description by Juniperus cedrus ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Christopher J. Earle: Juniperus cedrus Webb et Berthelot 1847 . The Gymnosperm Database, December 2, 2010, accessed August 23, 2011 .
- ^ A b Robert P. Adams: Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus . "2nd Edition. Trafford Publishing Co., Vancouver 2008, ISBN 978-1-4251-6880-3 , pp. 84 ( Juniperus cedrus in Key to Juniperus of Europe, Canary Islands, Azores, Asia Minor and Africa ).
- ↑ a b c Juniperus cedrus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011.1. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 2000. Last accessed August 23, 2011.
- ↑ Ordinance on the protection of wild animal and plant species (Federal Species Protection Ordinance - BArtSchV). Retrieved August 22, 2011 .
- ↑ Council Directive 92/43 / EEC of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 . Annex I, p. 23, In: OJ. L 206, July 22, 1992, p. 7.
Web links
- Robert P. Adams: The Juniperus of the World / Taxa of Juniperus. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- Canary Islands Juniper (Juniperus cedrus). In: ARKIVE Images of Life on Earth. Retrieved on August 22, 2011 (English, picture gallery).