Kangaroo flowers
| Kangaroo flowers | ||||||||||||
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Large kangaroo flower ( Anigozanthos flavidus ), one of the many varieties; not a pure kind. |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Anigozanthos | ||||||||||||
| Labill. |
The kangaroo flowers ( Anigozanthos ; old spelling kangaroo flowers ), also called kangaroo paws (Kangaroo Paw), are a genus of plants in the Haemodoraceae family in the order of the Commelina-like (Commelinales) within the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta). The English or German common name refers to the shape of the flowers, which resemble kangaroo paws.
description
The Anigozanthos species are perennial herbaceous plants . Some species contain a colored milky sap . They have rhizomes as underground storage organs . They have parallel-veined leaves that are usually formed like a rosette directly above the ground. Often the simple leaves are xeromorphic . The leaf margins are smooth. In summer, during the dry season, the plants move in and sprout again after the onset of winter rain.
The racemose or zymous inflorescences are up to 150 cm high. The woolly, felty, hermaphrodite flowers are threefold and zygomorphic . They have identical bloom cladding sheets ( perigone ). The bracts are fused into a tube, and there is only one bract circle, i.e. three tepals per flower, the crown is slotted four or six times. There are six stamens . Three carpels have become an under permanent or semi-permanent under ovary grown. There are fruit capsules formed. There are both species with winged and wingless seeds.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Anigozanthos was first published in 1800 by Jacques Julien Houtou de Labillardière in Relation du Voyage a la Recherche de la Perouse , 1, p. 409, 410, 8th edition. The type is Anigozanthos rufus Labill. Synonyms for Anigozanthos Labill. are Anigozia Salisb. ex Endl. orth. var., Schwaegrichenia Spreng. , Anigosia Salisb. The botanical genus name Anigozanthos is derived from the ancient Greek ἄνισος anisos for "unequal" and ἄνθος ánthos for "flower", "blossom".
All species are native only in the southwestern Australian Western Australia before. The locations have a well-drained soil and they are mostly very sunny; mostly also damp.
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The genus Anigozanthos contains about ten species (and some subspecies and varieties):
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Anigozanthos bicolor Endl. : The four subspecies occur in southwestern Australia:
- Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. bicolor
- Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. decrescens hopper
- Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. exstans hopper
- Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor (Benth.) Hopper
- Large kangaroo paw ( Anigozanthos flavidus DC. , Syn .: Anigosanthos flavida DC. Orth. Var., Anigozanthus grandiflora Salisb. Orth. Var., Anigozanthos grandiflorus Salisb. Nom. Illeg., Anigozanthos flavidus DC. Var. Flavidus , Anigozensanthos DC. Nom. Inval., Anigozanthus flavida var. Bicolor Lindl. Orth. Var., Anigozanthos coccineus Lindl. Ex Paxton , Anigosanthos flavida var. Bicolor Lindl. Orth. Var., Anigozanthos flavidus var. Bicolor Lindl. , Anigozanthus coccineus Lindl. ex Paxton orth. var., Anigosanthos flavescens DC. orth. var., Anigozanthus flavida Lindl. orth. var., Agonizanthos flavida F. Muell. orth. var.): There are no more subtaxa; they are long-day plants. It occurs in Western Australia and is also feral in New South Wales.
- Anigozanthos gabrielae Domin : It occurs in Western Australia.
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Anigozanthos humilis Lindl. (Syn .: Anigozanthus humilis Lindl. Orth. Var., Anigozanthos minimus loam. , Anigozanthos dorrienii Domin , Anigozanthus minima loam. Orth. Var., Agonizanthos humilis F.Muell. Orth. Var.): With two subspecies:
- Anigozanthos humilis subsp. chrysanthus Hopper : It occurs in west-southwest Western Australia.
- Anigozanthos humilis Lindl. subsp. humilis : It occurs in the west-south-west and in the south-west Australia.
- Anigozanthos kalbarriensis Hopper : It occurs in western Western Australia.
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Anigozanthos manglesii D.Don (Syn .: Anigozanthus manglesii D.Don orth. Var., Anigozanthos manglesii var. Leptophyllus Domin , Anigozanthos manglesii var. Leptophylla Domin orth. Var., Agonizanthos manglesii F. Muell. Orth. Var.): Heraldic flower of the state of Western Australia . Short day plant. The following subspecies occur in Western Australia:
- Anigozanthos manglesii D. Don subsp. manglesii (Syn .: Anigozanthos manglesii var. flavescens Ostenf. , Anigozanthos manglesii var. angustifolius Lindl. , Anigozanthos manglesii var. virescens Ostenf. ): It occurs in the west-southwest and southwestern Western Australia. It is also feral in Queensland.
- Anigozanthos manglesii subsp. quadrans Hopper : It occurs in western Western Australia.
- Anigozanthos onycis A.S. George : It occurs in southwestern Australia.
- Anigozanthos preissii Endl. : Subtaxa are no longer differentiated. It occurs in southwestern Australia.
- Anigozanthos pulcherrimus Hook. : It occurs in west-southwest Western Australia.
- Anigozanthos rufus Labill. (Syn .: Anigozanthos tyrianthinus Hook. ): It occurs in southern Western Australia.
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Green kangaroo paw ( Anigozanthos viridis Endl. ): There are two subspecies:
- Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans Hopper : It occurs in west-southwest Western Australia.
- Anigozanthos viridis Endl. subsp. viridis : It occurs in west-southwest Australia.
No longer part of Anigozanthos :
- Anigozanthos fuliginosus Hook. → Macropidia fuliginosa (Hook.) Druce
photos
Large kangaroo flower ( Anigozanthos flavidus , one of the many varieties, not a pure species):
Habit, in the field
Habitus
Budding
Ornamental plant
There are a large number of hybrids . In regions without frost, these ornamental plants are planted in parks and gardens. There are also some varieties that are suitable as indoor plants .
Culture in horticulture
A vegetative propagation is expensive because each plant only a few Rhizomstecklinge can be obtained and therefore great mother plant populations are needed. After the rhizome division, the shoots take root within two to four weeks.
A seed is the more common method. For 1000 plants you need 2.5 g. It is best to sow in January, the germination period is 21 to 25 days at a temperature of: day 20 ° C and night 12 ° C. They are light germs , so do not cover the sowing with soil. Good young plants can also be obtained by tissue culture .
Two to three months after sowing it is pricked out , after another two to three months it is potted into the 10 to 13 cm end pot. In the growth phase, the temperature is kept at 25 ° C during the day and 18 to 20 ° C at night.
An induction phase is required to get the plants to flower. The flowering phase is initiated by a cool temperature for a period of five weeks at 14 ° C during the day and 10 ° C at night. Then you can set the temperature to 16 ° C during the day and 13 ° C at night.
You shouldn't let the root ball dry out, otherwise the flower buds will fall off. It is fertilized weekly. The lighter the location, the more intensely the buds and flowers are colored. There are 50 to 80 plants per square meter. The cultivation period from sowing to sale is eight to twelve months. It is also possible to cultivate cut flowers with a long shelf life .
The flowering time can be influenced by light reactions, but the individual species react differently. Thus A. flavidus a long-day plant , but A. manglesii a short-day plant . Some species hardly react to the length of the day.
swell
- Datasheet in the Western Australian flora . (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Australian Plant Name Index = APNI.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Anigozanthos. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ↑ Culture guide.
Web links
- Anigozanthos in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.