Kesterite
| Kesterite | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
|
| chemical formula | Cu 2 (Zn, Fe) SnS 4 |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Sulfides and sulfosalts |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
2.CB.15a ( 8th edition : II / C.06) 02.09.02.09 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | tetragonal |
| Crystal class ; symbol | tetragonal-disphenoidic; 4th |
| Space group | I 4 (No. 82) |
| Lattice parameters | a = 5.43 Å ; c = 10.87 Å |
| Formula units | Z = 2 |
| Frequent crystal faces | tetragonal disoenoids {111} {101}, base pinacoid c {001}, prism {110} |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 4.5 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 4.54 to 4.59; calculated: 4.524 |
| Cleavage | no |
| Break ; Tenacity | uneven to scalloped |
| colour | black, black-gray, dark silver; often yellowish or greenish coated |
| Line color | black |
| transparency | opaque |
| shine | Metallic luster |
Kësterite is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of " sulfides and sulfosalts ". It crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system with the chemical composition Cu 2 (Zn, Fe) SnS 4 The elements zinc and iron indicated in the round brackets can represent each other in the formula ( substitution , diadochie), but are always in the same proportion to the other constituents of the mineral.
Etymology and history
Kësterite was first discovered in the Arga-Ynnakh-Khai granite massif of the Jana Valley near the settlement of Këster (also Kêster ) in the Russian Republic of Sakha ( Yakutia ). The mineral was described in 1956 by ZV Orlova, who named it after its type locality .
Type material of the mineral is kept in the Mineralogical Museum of the University of Saint Petersburg (catalog no. 16188, 16324–16326, 16351, 16352) and in the St. Petersburg Mining Institute (catalog no. 163a / 2).
classification
Already in the outdated, but still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the kësterite belonged to the mineral class of "sulphides and sulphosalts" and there to the department of "sulphides with the molar ratio of metal: sulfur, selenium, tellurium = 1: 1", where together with barquillite , briartite , černýite , famatinite , ferrokësterite , hocartite , kuramite , luzonite , permingeatite , petrukite , pirquitasite , rhodostannite , sakuraiite , stannite , toyohaite and velikite the " stannite group " with the system no. II / C.06 formed.
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), also assigns kësterite to the class of "sulfides and sulfosalts" and there in the department of "metal sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar) ”. However, this section is further subdivided according to the predominant metals in the compound, so that the mineral can be found in the sub-section "with zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), silver (Ag) etc." according to its composition is where, together with Černýit, Ferrokësterit, Hocartit, Idait , Kuramit, Pirquitasit, Stannit and Velikit the "stannite group" with the system no. 2.CB.15a forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the kësterite to the class of "sulfides and sulfosalts" and there in the department of "sulfide minerals". Here it is together with Stannit, Černýit, Briartit, Kuramit, Sakuraiit, Hocartit, Pirquitasit, Velikit, Ferrokësterit and Barquillit in the "Stannite group (tetragonal: I 4 2 m ) A 2 BCS type" with the system no. 02.09.02 within the subsection " Sulphides - including selenides and tellurides - with the composition A m B n X p , with (m + n): p = 1: 1 ".
Crystal structure
Kësterite crystallizes tetragonally in space group I 4 (space group no. 82) with the lattice parameters a = 5.43 Å and c = 10.87 Å as well as 2 formula units per unit cell .
Education and Locations
Kesterite formed in hydrothermally in quartz - sulphide - veins in tin - deposits . Accompanying minerals include arsenopyrite , chalcopyrite , chalcosine , sphalerite , stannoidite and tennantite .
As a rare mineral formation, kësterite could only be detected in a few places, whereby so far (as of 2017) around 75 sites are known. In addition to its type locality Këster, the mineral only appeared in Russia in the Deputatskoe deposit near Verkhoyansk .
The only previously known site in Germany is the "Bayerland" mine near Pfaffenreuth in the municipality of Leonberg (Upper Palatinate) in Bavaria.
In Austria, the mineral has so far only been found in the Haidbachgraben near Semmering in Lower Austria and in the “Haagen” mine near Webing in the Salzburg municipality of Abtenau .
Well-known Swiss sites are the Lengenbach mine in the Binn valley and the La Plâtrière quarry near Granges (Sierre) in the canton of Valais.
Other locations include Argentina, Bolivia, Bulgaria, China, Finland, France, Greece, Greenland, Italy, Japan, Canada, Namibia, Norway, Peru, Poland, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, the United Kingdom (Great Britain) and the United States of America (USA).
See also
literature
- ZV Orlova: Collection of chemical analyzes of ores and minerals from mineral deposits in the northeastern USSR . In: Trudy Vsesouznogo Magadansk Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Magadan . tape 2 , 1956, p. 76-84 .
- Michael Fleischer : New mineral names. Kêsterite . In: American Mineralogist . tape 43 , 1958, pp. 1219–1225 ( rruff.info [PDF; 461 kB ; accessed on September 17, 2019]).
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Kësterite (Wiki)
- Kësterite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed September 17, 2019 .
- American-Mineralogist-Crystal-Structure-Database - Kësterite. In: rruff.geo.arizona.edu. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
- Kësterite search results. In: rruff.info. Database of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and chemistry of minerals (RRUFF), accessed September 17, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 78 (English).
- ^ David Barthelmy: Kësterite Mineral Data. In: webmineral.com. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Kësterite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 106 kB ; accessed on September 17, 2019]).
- ↑ a b Catalog of Type Mineral Specimens -. (PDF 96 kB) In: docs.wixstatic.com. Commission on Museums (IMA), December 12, 2018, accessed September 17, 2019 .
- ↑ Localities for Kësterite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed September 17, 2019 .
- ↑ Find location list for kësterite at the Mineralienatlas and at Mindat