Kačić (noble family)

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Kačić ( plural : Kačići; also Kacic, Kacichc, lat .: Chacichorum, genere Chacittorum, generatione Cacich, genus Chacittorum, nobiles de Cacich), is the name of an old Croatian noble family. The name comes from the word "Kac", which means "winged serpent" or "dragon". The Kačić family, represented by their princes Jura, was one of 12 Croatian noble families who signed the Pacta Conventa (Qualiter) with the Hungarian King Koloman in 1102 . This treaty guaranteed the Croatian nobility autonomy within the new personal union. The former Hungarian king called himself from then on "King of Hungary, Croatia and Dalmatia" .

history

Oton Ivekovic: Death of Petar Svačić, painting from 1907

The first noble Kačić came from the area of Zadar and Biograd . In the Supetar Codex (Supetarski kartular, 1080–1187 AD), the Kačić family is named as one of 7 margraves (Croatian: Ban) who elected the Croatian king in the Middle Ages if he had no direct descendants.

According to historical sources, the last Croatian king, Petar Svacic (king from 1093 to 1097 AD) came from the House of Kačić. After his death in the battle of Gvozd against the Hungarian King Koloman, the new Croatian-Hungarian royal house was established .

The Austro-Croatian writer Paula Preradović , creator of the Austrian anthem , wrote the following verses in her “King's Legend” in 1950: “The Kačić are a mighty and wild tribe. They ruled the seas, and it was difficult to withstand their anger. But the Hungarians had come, as treacherous as a wind bride. (…) In the forest ravine lie a thousand dead, mute in blood, a thousand and one more, Peter, king of the Kacic tribe, Peter, last king of the Croats ”.

The princes of Omiš

King Kresimir IV settled the Kačić from Zadar during his reign (1058-1074) on the Dalmatian coast between the Neretva rivers in the south and Cetina in the north , so that they could secure his power there. They were mentioned as a ruling family in 1165 when they signed a peace treaty with Byzantium .

The first prince of Omiš known by name is Nikola Kačić in 1167. He consolidated his power on the Dalmatian coast through professional piracy.

The Kačić regularly raided Venetian , papal and Ragusian (Dubrovnik) merchant ships. Prince Brečko Kačić signed a peace treaty with Ragusa (Dubrovnik) in 1190 , which guaranteed the safety of their merchant ships and the return of stolen property. In return, Ragusa paid a tribute to the city of Omiš. On June 12, 1208 Prince Sebena Kačić concluded a similar contract with the Venetian Doge Pietro Ziani . But Prince Malduch Kačić later no longer adhered to the treaties and continued the tradition of piracy. The Hungarian-Croatian King Andrew II threatened him with punishment for this.

Since the Kačić continued with piracy and in 1258 King Béla IV raised the princes Osor and Radoš Kačić to the royal nobility, there is much to suggest that the Hungarian crown toleration of piracy and the influence of the Adriatic powers of Venice and Ragusa as well as the Pope contain.

The cities of Split and Ragusa carried out retaliatory actions against Omiš in 1235, 1240, 1259 and 1274 even with the support of the King of Naples . Due to the favorable geographical location at the mouth of the Cetina , the pirate army was able to assert itself again and again. An underground wall was built into the river delta so that only the flat pirate ships could pass over it and the enemy warships could not get through.

The territory of the princes of Omiš extended to the islands of Brač , Hvar , Vis and Korčula and on the mainland to Makarska and the surrounding area.
At the beginning of the 13th century, the citizens of Trogir under Rector Ilija from the Kačić family built their new cathedral.

At the end of the 13th century, the rule of the Kačić in Omis ended and the Šubić family ruled the principality from then on.

Monument to the poet Andrija Kačić Miošić in front of St. Margaret's Church in Brist. (Photo by Dr. Hagen Graebner)

The Kačić in Makarska

Between 1326 and 1439 the city of Makarska belonged to the Bosnian Kingdom. The first naming of the Kačić took place at the same time. These are Zaljko Kačić, his son Baran and his grandsons Vukasin, Vukic, Andrijas and Baran.

These grandchildren divided the rule over the Makarska region as follows: Vukasin received the eastern part of the coast with the towns of Brist, Lavcanj (Gradac) and Podjezerje, Vukic got the town of Podaca and its surrounding area, Andrijas Kotisina and Baran got the town of Makar (Makarska ).

In 1452 Grubisa Kačić traveled to Venice as a representative of the city of Makarska in order to secure the protection of the republic there. Venice assured him of this and granted the noble house Kačić all the old rights that they already had under the Bosnian kings. Venice only ruled over the coastal cities around Makarska until 1498, when they fell to the Ottomans .

Prince Juraj Markovic Kačić ruled Makarska in the second half of the 15th century and, through a lot of diplomatic skill, managed to secure a certain degree of independence for the city in the power play of the hegemonic powers. The Ottomans ruled Makarska until January 13, 1648. The Republic of Venice then took power again until it fell in 1797.

At the beginning of the 17th century the Kačić were regularly mentioned in historical documents, meanwhile they have already been divided into different branches. The last named Prince Kačić of Makarska was Rados Kačić Jurcevic in 1650. Some bishops and other church dignitaries with the name Kačić or their descendants followed.

The famous Croatian poet Andrija Kačić Miošić describes in his book “Conversations of the Slavic People” in 1730 the division of the Kačić tribe according to old Croatian custom, in which the descendants took the names of the family elders. For example, in Brist, the Miosic, Aleksic and Bartulovic families emerged as the successors of the sons, grandsons and nephews of Vukasin Kačić, who were named Mios, Aleks and Bartul. In Makarska and other places, the families Andrijasevic, Jurcevic, Zarkovic, Stipic, Pekic, Viskic and Barisic are the successors of the Kačić family.

The Kačić in Hungary

In the 12th and 13th centuries, parts of the Kačić settled in Hungary , where they were called Kacsics. It can be assumed that they resettled in the areas of White Croatia in Nógrád County, which they had inhabited since the 6th century . The Croatian Margrave ( Ban ) Mihajlo Kacsics (1212) descended from them, as did the Croatian Bane Kónya Széchényi (1366-1367) and Matija Geréb (1483-1492).

literature

  • Andrija Kačić Miošić: Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskoga. (Conversations of the Slavic People). Venice 1801. (Reprint: Sveučilišna Nakl. Liber, Zagreb 1988, ISBN 86-329-0009-9 )
  • Vjekoslav Klaic: History of Bosnia from the earliest times to the fall of the kingdom. Leipzig 1885. (Reprint: Adamant Media, 2004, ISBN 1-4212-2519-0 )
  • Vjekoslav Klaic: Povjest Hrvata od najstarijih vremena do svršetka XIX. stoljeća. (History of the Croatians from the earliest times to the 16th century). Zagreb 1899.
  • Nada Klaić: Povijest Hrvata u ranom srednjem vijeku. (History of the Croats in the Early Middle Ages). Školska Knjiga, Zagreb 1971, OCLC 13021711 .
  • Grga Novak: Prošlost Dalmacije. (The past of Dalmatia). Volume 1, Split 2004, ISBN 953-214-181-2 .
  • Grga Novak: Jadransko more, u sukobima i borbama kroz stoljeća. (The Adriatic Sea during the conflicts and battles of the centuries). Volume I, Split 2004, ISBN 953-214-221-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr/20040204/mozaik05.asp
  2. ↑ http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=164
  3. ↑ hr: Supetarski kartular
  4. ^ Dragutin Pavličević , Povijest Hrvatske (The History of Croatia). Zagreb, 2007.
  5. ↑ http://www.hsp1861.hr/vijesti8/27082006-1.html
  6. ↑ hr: Hrvatski vladari # Hrvatski knezovi (do 925.)
  7. ↑ http://www.wolfgangpav.com/preradovic--bahr.html
  8. ↑ http://www.trogironline.com/de/geschichte_kultur.html