Candy brown glandular
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Kandisbrauner Drüsling ( Exidia saccharina ) |
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| Exidia saccharina | ||||||||||||
| ( Alb. & Schwein .: Fr. ) Fr. |
The rock candy-brown glandle ( Exidia saccharina ), formerly also known as sugar gelatinous fungus , is a widely distributed type of fungus of the tremellomycetes from the family of the ear -flap fungus relatives (Auriculariaceae). It breaks down dead branches and trunks of coniferous trees, especially pine and spruce .
features
Macroscopic features
The tough, gelatinous fruiting bodies of the candy-brown glandle, spread out flat on the substrate , are 3–8 cm wide and up to 2.5 cm high. They like to form groups or merge into a structure with a diameter of up to 20 cm. They are curly to brain-like twisted and folded, the color spectrum ranges from yellow-brown like burnt sugar - hence the common name - to red-brownish. When they dry out, they shrink to form a layer that is less than 1 mm thin, clearly ribbed and horn-like, firm. This then shows a dark red-brown to almost blackish color. The top with the fruit layer has barely visible glandular nodules, the sterile underside, on the other hand, is finely dotted, rough and tinted lighter. The watery flesh is reddish-cinnamon yellow in color. The spore powder is white.
Microscopic features
The elliptical basidia are 10–19 × 7–16 micrometers in size, have basal buckles and each form 4 spores. The colorless, cylindrical and slightly curved spores measure 9–13–15 × 3.5–5 µm. The also colorless hyphae are up to 5 µm wide and have buckles on the septa . They produce cylindrically curved, 8–9 × 4–4.5 µm large secondary spores as well as rod-shaped, somewhat curved and 5–7 × 1–2 µm large conidia .
Species delimitation
Leaf-like trembling
The leaf-like trembling ( Phaeotremella foliacea ) can be similar in color and shape to the rock candy and also grows on conifers. However, it usually forms higher, fist-sized fruit bodies. In addition, the entire surface is covered with the spore-forming fruit layer, while the fruiting bodies of glandulars have a fertile upper side and a sterile underside.
Beech tube quiver
The beech tube quiver ( Ascotremella faginea ) can also look similar. However, in contrast to the rocky drüsling, it grows mainly on dead beech wood , less often on other deciduous trees. It can be easily determined with the aid of the microscope because its spores mature in tubes instead of on longitudinally divided stands .
ecology
The rock candy drüsling fructifies mainly in the winter months, but can be found all year round in damp weather periods. It occurs rarely to very scattered in subcontinental tinted wintergreen-Scots pine-steppe as well as in white moss-Scots pine and spruce-fir forests. There it rises up to 1,000 m above sea level. NN on. In suitable habitats it grows on dead trunks, stumps, staple wood as well as on fallen branches of conifers. The species primarily prefers Scots pine as a substrate , followed by spruce , but can also be found on larch and silver fir - the data sets in the online mapping, in which deciduous trees are specified as substrate, are very likely incorrect determinations.
distribution
The distribution of the candy-brown dross includes the submeridional and temperate zones of the Holarctic . Evidence exists from North America, Asia Minor and Central Asia as well as Europe. Finds from Germany, France, the Hebrides, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and a few in the Ukrainian Eastern Carpathians are known on the European continent. In western Germany, evidence of the fungus extends from the North Sea coast to southern Bavaria. With the exception of the local accumulation in near-natural, Ice Age forest pine forests, the species can only rarely be found in Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony. It is also found in North Rhine-Westphalia, North and Central Hesse, scattered in Rhineland-Palatinate, South Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria.
Taxonomy and Phylogeny
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Cladogram : Relationships of the rock candy drüsling
The Kandisbraune Drüsling was originally described by Johannes Baptista von Albertini and Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1805 as the saccharina variety of Tremella spiculosa and sanctioned as Exidia saccharina in 1822 by Elias Magnus Fries in his work "Systema Mycologicum 2" . The taxon Tremella spiculosa described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1800 is a synonym for the stubble gland ( Exidia glandulosa , syn. Exidia truncata ).
The branch with the rock candy-brown glandlet ( Exidia saccharina ) ends with the fork to the gray gelatinous crust ( Exidiopsis grisea ) and the whitish glandular ( Exidia thuretiana ). First type covers mainly the branches of white fir with glau bluish-gray to steel, waxy and surface adherent to the substrate fruit bodies. The Whitish Drüsling forms white to light gray, disc-like fruiting bodies lying close to the substrate on branches of beeches and other deciduous trees . On the adjacent road, the cladogram branches to exidia recisa ( Exidia Recisa ), a resident of dead, nor ansitz forming willow branches with individual gyroscopic fruiting bodies, and Stop leagues Drüsling ( Exidia glandulosa , syn. Exidia truncata ), a species with mostly black fruiting bodies and stoppeliger Surface. Two higher levels further - not shown in the cladogram - the branch with the auricularia species bends , including, for example, the Judas ear ( Auricularia auricula-judae ), which is valued as an edible mushroom in Asian cuisine .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johannes Becker: Flora of the area around Frankfurt am Main. Cryptogamy. Second part. Core sponges. . Publishing bookstore Ludwig Reinherz, Frankfurt a. M. 1828. P. 341. (PDF; 32.3 MB)
- ↑ Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Non-leaf mushrooms (Basidiomycetes without leaves, Ascomycetes) . Handbook for mushroom lovers. Vol. 2. 3. and revised edition. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. 1986.
- ↑ a b Walter Jülich: The non-leaf mushrooms, gelatinous mushrooms and belly mushrooms . In: Small cryptogam flora. Vol. II b / 1. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. 1984.
- ↑ a b Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms. BLV Verlag, Munich. 2002. p. 484. ISBN 3-405-14737-9 .
- ↑ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
- ^ Distribution of Exidia saccharina in Germany . Mushroom mapping 2000 online. German Society for Mycology. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ Seishi Ikeda, Lynn Esther E. Rallos, Takashi Okubo, Shima Eda, Shoko Inaba, Hisayuki Mitsui, Kiwamu Minamisawa: Microbial Community Analysis of Field-Grown Soybeans with Different Nodulation Phenotypes . Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 74, no. September 18, 2008. pp. 5704-5709. (PDF; 786 kB)
- ↑ Johannes Baptista von Albertini , Lewis David von Schweinitz : Tremella spiculosa var. Saccharina . Conspectus Fungorum in Lusatiae Superioris Agro Niskiensi Crescentium e Methodo Persooniana. I-XXIV. Leipzig. 1805. p. 302.
- ↑ Elias Magnus Fries : Exidia saccharina . Systema Mycologicum 2 (1). 1822, p. 225.
- ↑ Tremella spiculosa Pers. 1800 . MycoBank. Fungal databases. Nomenclature and Species Banks. Online Taxonomic Novelties Submission.
- ^ Christian Hendrik Persoon : Tremella spiculosa . In: Observationes mycologicae 2 . 1800, p. 98.
