Capuchin monastery Villingen

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Capuchin monastery Villingen
medal Capuchin
founding year 1655
Cancellation / year 1806
Start-up new order
Patronage Saint Wendelin and Konrad of Constance
location
country Germany
region Baden-Württemberg
place Villingen
Geographical location 48 ° 3 '  N , 8 ° 28'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 3 '23.9 "  N , 8 ° 27' 38.9"  E
Capuchin monastery Villingen (Germany)
Red pog.svg
Situation in Germany

The Capuchin Monastery Villingen is an abandoned monastery of the Capuchin order in the Villingen part of the city of Villingen-Schwenningen . The foundation stone was laid in 1655 at the Niederen Tor. The monastery was closed in 1806 and, after being used for a short time as a military hospital, was converted into a brewery in 1820 . The convent was demolished in the middle of the 19th century. The gutted and newly expanded buildings of the lay church, the presbytery and the choir have been preserved.

history

In 1653 the magistrate of the city of Villingen asked the provincial chapter of the Swiss Capuchin Province, whose jurisdiction extended to Upper Austria , to build a monastery in the city. On August 16, 1654, the Capuchin Cross was erected on the building site provided by the city at the Niedere Tor. The approval of the Constance cathedral chapter did not take place until 1655, as the Franciscans voted against the settlement of a second mendicant order. On August 15, 1655, a representative of the abbot of St. Georgen Monastery in the Black Forest, Georg Michael Gaisser, who was unable to attend, laid the foundation stone. A copy of the incorporated charter has been preserved in the city's archives. Due to the poor financial situation of the city, construction was not completed until 1663. The construction management was presumably carried out by the order builder (Fabriciarius) Probus Heine . On June 29, 1664, Prince-Bishop of Constance Franz Johann Vogt of Altensumerau and Prasberg consecrated the monastery church and placed it under the patronage of Saints Wendelin and Konrad. The former Wendelin Chapel was demolished for the construction. The resulting statue of the saint was taken over into the Capuchin Church and its brotherhood incorporated. On April 16, 1668, the new Upper Austrian Capuchin Province split off from the Swiss Capuchin Province. It was believed that the Swiss had always been averse to the Austrians. On August 21, 1698, the patron of the monastery Franz-Karl von Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen was buried in the lay church near the baptismal font in the order habit . Parts of this burial were uncovered in 1987. In 1716 a chapel for the dead with a crypt was added to the lay church.

secularization

In 1785, following instructions from Vienna, the Upper Austrian government ordered the abolition of the monastery. As in other places in the province, with the support of the magistrate, the instruction was not carried out. In 1802 the monastery was transferred to the Order of St. John and then to the Principality of Modena . The final annulment took place in 1806 after the city passed to the Grand Duchy of Baden . In 1814 the convent wing was converted into an epidemic hospital due to a typhus outbreak within the returning Schwarzenberg army. The three remaining Fathers in the convent succumbed to the epidemic within a few weeks.

Tasks and activities of the Convention

The Capuchin priests worked primarily in the pastoral care of the city and the localities of Pfaffenweiler and Herzogenweiler . The pastoral care of the sick and dying was, according to the custom of the time, almost exclusively entrusted to the Capuchins. The associated influence on the drafting of wills brought them repeatedly the accusation of inheritance sneaking. Capuchins took special care of inmates and convicts in prisons and accompanied those condemned to death on their last walk.

Another focus was the mission, which extended into the Evangelical Fürstenberg area . The sale of various monastery works such as scapulars and crosses and tufts of herbs contributed to the popularity of the Capuchins among the people.

Furnishing

The three altar leaves for the Capuchin Church painted by Christoph Kraft (approx. 1610–1680) from Rottweil in 1664 are no longer traceable. The lost altars were made by the carpenter Michael Heim from Villingen. When the Württemberg occupation troops withdrew in 1806 before the transition to the Grand Duchy of Baden, the goblets and other ceremonial vessels of the monastery were kidnapped by the Württemberg commissioner accompanied by the military.

Dissolution of the library

In 1792, the Villingen Capuchins were certified to keep their library in good order despite the impending liquidation. The more valuable individual volumes in the library of the Capuchin monastery were confiscated by the Baden state after the monastery was abolished in 1807 and initially transferred to the Freiburg University Library. From there they got to the Badische Hofbibliothek in Karlsruhe, with the exception of one or the other withheld copy. The auction of the monastery inventory brought further volumes from the monastery library to the Wocheler Collection in Überlingen

literature

  • Romualdus Stockacensis: Monasterium Villinganum . In: Historia provinciae anterioris Austriae fratrum minorum capucinorum . Andreas Stadler, Kempten, 1747, pp. 226-232. Text archive - Internet Archive
  • Paul Revellio: Contributions to the history of the city of Villingen . Villingen 1964, p. 147f.
  • Beda Mayer OFMCap .: Capuchin monastery in Constance . In: Die Kapuzinerklöster Vorderösterreichs, Helvetia Franciscana , Volume 12, 11th issue, St. Fidelis-Buchdruckerei, Lucerne 1977, pp. 368–372.
  • Werner Huger: The Capuchins and the Capuchin monastery in Villingen as well as architectural and archaeological findings during the renovation work in 1987 . In: Jahresheft Geschichts- und Heimatverein Villingen , 13, 1988, pp. 44–71.
  • Bertram Jenisch: To the burial place of Franz Karl zu Fürstenberg in the Villingen Capuchin monastery . In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar , 38, 1995, pp. 107–115.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Freiburg Diocesan Archives , Volume 95, 1995, p. 287.
  2. Romualdus Stockacensis: Monasterium Waldishuttanum . In: Historia provinciae anterioris Austriae fratrum minorum capucinorum . Andreas Stadler, Kempten 1747, p. 231.
  3. Petra Rhode. In: Heiko Haumann , Hans Schadeck (ed.): History of the city of Freiburg. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, volume. 2, p. 421.
  4. ^ Beda Mayer: Helvetia Franciscana. Volume 12, Issue 6, 1977, p. 149.
  5. Franz Sebastian Ammann: The evocations of the devil, ghost banners, consecrations and sorcery of the Capuchins. Taken from the Latin Benedictionale and translated. CA Jenni, Bern 1841, archive.org
  6. Ignaz Speckle, Stephan Braun: Memoirs of the last abbot of St. Peter: a contribution to the patriotic history . F. Dilger, 1870, p. 246.
  7. Philipp Ludwig Hermann Röder: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Swabia or a complete alphabetical description of all cities, monasteries, castles, villages, spots, farms, mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes, strange areas, etc. in the entire Swabian district. s. w. Stettin 1792, p. 895.
  8. ^ Armin Schlechter, Gerhard Stamm, Kurt Hannemann : The manuscripts of the Badische Landesbibliothek in Karlsruhe , Volume 13. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2000, p. 96.
  9. ^ Severin Corsten, Wolfgang Kehr, Wilfried Sühl-Strohmenger, Karen Kloth: Handbook of historical book stocks. Baden-Wuerttemberg and Saarland T-Z . Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 1994, p. 141.